Mouse Tail-flick assay

In contrast, a low dose of the Ca2+ channel agonist BAY K 8644, a dihydropyridine derivative, antagonizes the antinociceptive effect of p-opioids. This is in agreement with results from Smith and Stevens (1995), who reported that Ca2+, when administered i.c.v., antagonizes morphine-induced antinociception in the mouse tail flick assay. The dose - response curve of morphine is shifted to the right by i.c.v. administration of calcium ions. 

EDso mouse tail flick assay. U50,488 ED, =1.9 mgkg s.c. 

In vitro active glycopeptides were also tested in vivo by a mouse tail-flick assay [83] after intracercbrovcntricular (iev) and subcutaneous (sc) injections as described previously [84]. In this test, iev administration of DEL C analogues 1 and 2 displayed significant antinociceptive action (Table 10) comparable to that of the parent DEL C. 

Wesolowska A, Young S, Dukat M. MD-354 potentiates the antinociceptive effect of clonidine in the mouse tail-flick but not hot-plate assay. Eur J Pharmacol 2004 495 129-136. 

N-Methylationof natural epibatidine (112) and its enantiomer (1 IS educed affinities for rat (X4J82 nAChRs by 6 and 2 times, respectively. With respect to functional assays, the impact of N-methylation on the activities of the two enantiomers is relatively small but differential, and theN-methyl products (124 and 125) showed modest enantioselectivities (358) (Table 14.12).N-Methyl ( )-epibatidine (114) demonstrated the analgesic activity in the mouse tail-flick model similar to that observed... 

Two of the more reliable laboratory methods for evaluating strong analgesics are the Bass-VanderBrook (I) modification of the D Amour-Smith (3) rat tail-flick method and the Eddy-Leimbach (6) variant of the mouse hot-plate technique. The tail-flick assay seems to be more specific for morphine-like drugs, since compounds which are positive in this test are also active in the... 

These peptides were characterized in vitro and found to be powerful opioid agonists in the mouse vas deferens (MVD) and guinea pig ileum (GPI) assay. In vivo (rat tail-flick) they are only active when administered directly to the brain - a general limitation of simple linear peptides consisting of natural L-amino acids - but with less potency and shorter duration of action than morphine (Casy and Parfitt, 1986). 

Probably the most commonly used in vivo bioassay is the mouse tetrad assay, in which the ability of a test compound to produce four effects in the same animal is determined. These effects, hypokinesia, hypothermia, catalepsy in the Pertwee ring test and antinociception in the tail-flick or hot plate test, are usually produced by a CBl receptor agonist over a relatively narrow dose range (reviewed in Howlett et al. 2002 Martin et al. 1995). One or other of these effects can be produced by some centrally active non-CBi receptor agonists or antagonists. However, when performed together, the tetrad tests provide at least some degree of... 

Much knowledge had been gained the techniques of clinical evaluation were improved, quantitation of drug-dependence was perfected at Lexington and analgesic assays in rodents were developed to the point where quantitative as well as qualitative prediction of clinical activity was extremely accurate. Most laboratories settled on some variant of Eddy s mouse hotplate test or the D Amour-Smith rat tail flick procedure. 

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