Synthesis metal oxide

In subsequent metal oxide synthesis experiments, the relationship between cavitation numbers and Reynolds numbers to synthesis results, such as crystallographic strain, primary grain size, agglomerate size, or phase purity, was examined to develop an understanding of the effects of different bubble dynamics on crystal properties. 

As research has shown (Cirera et al. 1999 Baalousha 2009), the decrease of precursor concentration in solution used for metal oxide synthesis can significantly reduce the size of agglomerates (Fig. 20.17) and, at the expense of this effect, improve the thermal stability of the synthesized material. Examples of precursor concentration influence on the grain-size stability for two methods of the SnO synthesis are shown in Fig. 20.18. It should be noted that the increase of the degree of aggregation in sols with concentration of electrolyte is a general rule of wet-chemical methods of synthesis (Brinker et al. 1992). 

Fig. 20.18 Grain size for different concentration of precursors in solution for metal oxide synthesis vs. growth and calcinations temperature, (a) Sn02 was synthesized using a method based on the pyrolytic reaction of SnCl -SH O dissolved in methanol. In contrast to the conventional spray pyrolysis technique, pyrolytic reaction does not take place during deposition on the surface of nanocrystals. The treatment in the range of 400-900 °C was carried out after drop deposition on the substrate (Adapted with permission from Cirera et al. 1999, Copyright 1999 Elsevier), (b) Sn02 powders were synthesized by hydrothermal method (Adapted with permission from Baik et al. 2000a, b, c. Copyright 2000 John Wiley Sons)...

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