Metal oxide charges conductivity behaviour

An alternative approach to stabilizing the metallic state involves p-type doping. For example, partial oxidation of neutral dithiadiazolyl radicals with iodine or bromine will remove some electrons from the half-filled level. Consistently, doping of biradical systems with halogens can lead to remarkable increases in conductivity and several iodine charge transfer salts exhibiting metallic behaviour at room temperature have been reported. However, these doped materials become semiconductors or even insulators at low temperatures. 

The idea of metallic conductivity should now be familiar. Electrons are the charge carriers which move through a lattice consisting of metallic ions. The term metallic conductivity is somewhat confusing, as this behaviour is not limited to metals and alloys. It is also shown by many oxide and sulfide materials. Two other types of conductors will also be discussed in this chapter superconductors, where electrons move cooperatively (possibly as pairs), and ionic conductors, where the charge carriers are moving ions. 

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