Metal organic framework materials activation

Up to now, a variety of non-zeolite/polymer mixed-matrix membranes have been developed comprising either nonporous or porous non-zeolitic materials as the dispersed phase in the continuous polymer phase. For example, non-porous and porous silica nanoparticles, alumina, activated carbon, poly(ethylene glycol) impregnated activated carbon, carbon molecular sieves, Ti02 nanoparticles, layered materials, metal-organic frameworks and mesoporous molecular sieves have been studied as the dispersed non-zeolitic materials in the mixed-matrix membranes in the literature [23-35]. This chapter does not focus on these non-zeoUte/polymer mixed-matrix membranes. Instead we describe recent progress in molecular sieve/ polymer mixed-matrix membranes, as much of the research conducted to date on mixed-matrix membranes has focused on the combination of a dispersed zeolite phase with an easily processed continuous polymer matrix. The molecular sieve/ polymer mixed-matrix membranes covered in this chapter include zeolite/polymer and non-zeolitic molecular sieve/polymer mixed-matrix membranes, such as alu-minophosphate molecular sieve (AlPO)/polymer and silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve (SAPO)/polymer mixed-matrix membranes. 

Nanoporous materials like zeolites and related materials, mesoporous molecular sieves, clays, pillared clays, the majority of silica, alumina, active carbons, titanium dioxides, magnesium oxides, carbon nanotubes and metal-organic frameworks are the most widely studied and applied adsorbents. In the case of crystalline and ordered nanoporous materials such as zeolites and related materials, and mesoporous molecular sieves, their categorization as nanoporous materials are not debated. However, in the case of amorphous porous materials, they possess bigger pores together with pores sized less than 100 nm. Nevertheless, in the majority of cases, the nanoporous component is the most important part of the porosity. 

IINS spectroscopy is an important tool for development of understanding of the interactions between the substrate and the adsorbate in hydrogen-storage materials. In addition to carbon nanotubes 17a,b,c), activated carbon 17d), and several other materials are being actively investigated. These include metal organic framework (MOF) compounds 18b,c), zeolites 18d), and metal phosphates 18e). 

The encapsulation of metalloporphyrins in the cavities of an indium imidazoledicarboxylate-based rho-zeolite-like metal-organic framework (rho-ZMOF) has been reported by Eddaoudi and coworkers [71]. The catalytic activity of this material was assessed by cyclohexane oxidation with TBHP as the oxidant, with cyclohexane conversion reaching 91.5% after 24 h at 65 °C. Cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone were the only observed products, suggesting that the investigated oxidation reaction is selective toward the desired products. Furthermore, upon reuse of the catalyst, no loss of crystaUinity, reactivity, and selectivity in up to 11 cycles was observed, while no leaching of the encapsulated metalloporphyrin into the product solution was detected by the UV-vis spectra. 

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