Metal nanoparticles synthesis tools

Sakamoto M, Fujistuka M, Majima T (2009) Light as a construction tool of metal nanoparticles synthesis and mechanism. J Photochem Photobiol C Rev 10 33-56... 

Synthesis Tools to Produce Metal Nanoparticles 44 Organometallic complexes as the source of metal atoms 46 Ligands as stabilizers of metal nanoparticles 46 Tools for the Characterization of Metal Nanoparticles 47 Quantif cation of hydrides at metal nanoparticle surface 48 Coordination of CO to probe the surface properties of metal nanoparticles 48 Catalysis to probe the surface state of metal nanoparticles 50... 

In this chapter the potential of nanostructured metal systems in catalysis and the production of fine chemicals has been underlined. The crucial role of particle size in determining the activity and selectivity of the catalytic systems has been pointed out several examples of important reactions have been presented and the reaction conditions also described. Metal Vapor Synthesis has proved to be a powerful tool for the generation of catalytically active microclusters SMA and nanoparticles. SMA are unique homogeneous catalytic precursors and they can be very convenient starting materials for the gentle deposition of catalytically active metal nanoparticles of controlled size. 

The ligand exchange reaction is an extremely versatile tool for the preparation of functionalized metal nanoparticles [81]. This method is fast and simple to use it allows one to introduce functional groups that are incompatible with other methods for nanoparticle synthesis. The importance of ligand exchange reaction made it a subject of several mechanistic studies [82]. This method is fast and simple to use it allows one to introduce functional groups on the particle surface. For example, the thiols replace can be used to modify the particle surface, vary the solubility of particles and increase the colloidal stability of metal particles. 

Radiolysis was found to be a useful tool in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Henglein and coworkers and Belloni and coworkers prepared many metallic (and pre-metallic) particles of a large variety of compositions over the last two decades. Both groups were able to show size dependence of the redox potential of the metallic ion/metallic atom (or cluster) couples from single atoms to relatively large clusters (94-97). Commonly the synthesis involves radiolytic reduction of metal ions in aqueous solutions but radiolytic production of silver particles was recently achieved in supercritical fluids as well (98). The particles produced by radiolytic reduction of the ions can be designed to assume a variety... 

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