Metabolic cost, detoxification

Temperature is one of the most important variables that determines the distribution and abundance of species (Cossins and Bowler 1987) and imposes critical limits on fitness. As a result of increasing metabolic rate, increasing temperature can increase the uptake and toxicity of contaminants by poikilothermic species, but may also increase rates of detoxification and excretion of toxicants (e.g., pyrethroid insecticides National Research Council of Canada [NRCC] 1987). Temperature extremes in themselves are stressful to organisms, causing induction of various stress proteins, which may be associated with fitness costs (Hoffmann et al. 2003). 

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