Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich, periodic

Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich. Mendeleev on the Periodic Law Selected Writings, 1869-1905. Mineola, N.Y. Dover, 2005. This English translation of 13 of Mendeleevs historic articles is the first easily accessible source of his major writings. 

Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich (1834-1907) Russian chemist. Mendeleev is remembered for developing the periodic table of chemical elements in a classic paper published in 1869 entitled On the Relation of the Properties to the Atomic Weights of Elements. Other scientists such as Julius Lothar Meyer and John Newlands had similar ideas at about the same time but Mendeleev developed his ideas much more fully, including the predictions of the existence and properties of hitherto unknown elements such as gallium, scan-... 

Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich (1834-1907)ARussianchemistnoted for the formulation of the periodic table of elements, which was published in 1869. He was appointed professor of chemistry at St Petersburg in 1866. 

This year marks the 100th anniversary of the death of one of the most famous scientists of all time, the Russian chemist Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907). The periodic table that he introduced in 1869 was a monumental achievement— a wonderful mnemonic and a tool that serves to organize the whole of chemistry. No longer were students of chemistry obliged to memorize the properties of all the known elements hereafter they could leam the properties of at least one element from each column and could, in principle, make sound predictions about the other elements in the column. 

Is there one best periodic table Many chemists argue that the form of the table is of little importance and that one s choice depends on what particubr aspect of periodicity one wants to depict. But surely this is not the case if. for example, rival versions put helium and hydrogen in radically different places. Such debates will continue for a long time. However, the debate would not exist without Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, and for the very legacy of periodicity we are indebted to him. 

Very soon afterwards, however, two scientists independently produced the definitive statement on the classification of the elements - Julius Lothar Meyer (1830-95) in Germany and Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) (also spelled Mendeleeff or Mendelejeff) in Russia. It is the latter who is now credited with the construction of the first periodic table. At the age of 35, Mendeleev was Professor of Chemistry at the University of St Petersberg, when he published his first paper (1869) on the periodic system. He was apparently unaware of the work of Newlands or Lothar Meyer, but came to the same conclusions, and was also prepared to go further, and predict that certain elements must remain to be discovered because of discrepancies in his table. Amongst other things, he concluded the following ... 

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, 1834-1907. Professor of chemistry at the University of Fetrograd. Author of the Principles of Chemistry, a remarkable textbook. He studied the important oil fields of Russia and the United States. The periodic system of the elements was discovered independently by Mendeleev in Russia and Lothar Meyer in Germany. 

The discovery of the periodic structure of the elements by Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, shown in Fig. 9.1, must be ranked as one the greatest achievements in the history of science. And perhaps the most impressive conceptual accomplishment of quantum mechanics has been its rational account of the origin of the periodic table. Although accurate computations become increasingly more difficult as the number of electrons increases, the general patterns of atomic behavior can be predicted with remarkable accuracy. A modem version of the periodic table is printed on the inside back cover. 

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1836-1907). Russian chemist. His work on the periodic classification of elements is regarded by many as the most significant achievement in chemistry in the nineteendi century. 

Figure 3.39 Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907), who independently formulated the periodic law of the elements and constructed the periodic table. (Published with permission from the Deutsches Museum, Munich.)...

Meyer published his work in 1870, but he was too late. The year before, a Russian chemist, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907), had also discovered the change in length of the periods of ele-... 

The periodic table is arranged more or less by chemical reactivity, using the number of electrons in the outermost shell of the element and the energy of those outermost (valence) electrons. In effect, elements are arranged according to their valence orbitals. The periodic table currently lists 109 elements. The first attempt to categorize elements in this manner was by Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (Russia 1834-1907), in the nineteenth century. The first row of elements (H, He) have only the spherical s-orbitals, but the second row (Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, He) has the Is-orbital and the 2s- and 2p-orbitals are in the outermost shell. The third row introduces 3s- and 3p-orbitals, and d-orbitals appear in the fourth row. Each shell will have one s-, three p-, five d-, and seven f-orbitals (1, 2, 3, 4), and the d- and f-orbitals accept more electrons or give up more electrons than a p-orbital. Indeed, elements with d- and f-orbit-als are characterized by multiple valences. This stands in sharp contrast to... 

The present form of the periodic table was conceived independently by two chemists the German Juhus Lothar Meyer (1830-1895) and Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907), a Russian (Fig. 7.24). Usually Mendeleev is given most of the credit, because it was he who emphasized how useful the table could be in predicting the existence and properties of still unknown elements. Eor example, in 1872 when Mendeleev first published his table (Fig. 7.25), the elements gallium, scandium, and germanium were unknown. Mendeleev correctly predicted the existence and properties of... 

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