Sintered Glass Membrane

The separator is frequently a sintered glass frit, but it may also be any of a wide range of inert, porous materials such as celloton, vycor or porvic or an ion exchange membrane. A number of stable ion exchange membranes suitable for use in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents have become available in recent years. 

Skeleton of porous plastic (PTFE, PVC, etc.), sintered glass, filtering textile (Dacron, glass fibre, etc.) As above Liquid membrane electrode K Ca2 Me2+, Cl", BF4, NO,", C104"... 

The transport of many compounds takes place through interstices of polymer chains filled with aqueous medium [52], In such cases, the rate of mass transport is directly proportional to the degree of hydration of the membranes [53]. The most widely accepted method for determining the hydration of membranes is to equilibrate the membranes in water or buffer and weigh these membranes after blotting [54], In a newer method, the matrices to be studied are placed on a sintered glass funnel which is attached to a capillary filled with water. The absorption of water results in the movement of the capillary front [55],... 

Use an electrophoresis tube with an inserted sintered glass or polymer disk about 1 mm above one end and fill it at this side with buffer. Cover with a dialysis membrane with appropriate Mr cut-off, and fix with a rubber ring . 

The eluted protein is taken off by a syringe from the space between sintered glass and dialysis membrane. 

Porous materials and membranes used as filters have a number of small, often tortuous, pores. This type of filter includes sintered glass filters, organic... 

Figure 1. Prescreening test device a desiccator, b lid, c plastic base plate, d injection membrane, e sintered glass or heating plate, f stirrer, g stopcock vent...

Ultrafiltration is the application of pressure or suction to force the solvent and small particles across a membrane while the larger particles are retained. The membrane is normally supported between fine wire screens or deposited in a highly porous support such as a sintered glass disc. An important application of ultrafiltration is the so-called reverse osmosis method of water desalination25. 

Divided cells — Electrochemical cells divided by sintered glass, ceramics, or ion-exchange membrane (e.g., - Nafion) into two or three compartments. The semipermeable separators should avoid mixing of anolyte and - catholyte and/or to isolate the reference electrode from the studied solution, but simultaneously maintain the cell resistance as low as possible. The two- or three-compartment cells are typically used a) for preparative electrolytic experiments to prevent mixing of products and intermediates of anodic and cathodic reactions, respectively b) for experiments where different composition of the solution should be used for anodic and cathodic compartment c) when a component of the reference electrode (e.g., water, halide ions etc.) may interfere with the studied compounds or with the electrode. For very sensitive systems additional bridge compartments can be added. 

When a species reduced at a cathode is oxidized at an anode, and vice versa, a two-compartment cell, namely a divided cell like an H-type cell (Figure 8.3) with a sintered glass diaphragm or an ion-exchange membrane should be used in order to prevent mixing of both anodic and cathodic solutions. To decrease the ceU voltage (voltage between an anode and cathode), the distance between both the electrodes should be kept as small as possible. 

In 1970, Funt and Blain published a thorough study of the electroinitiated polymerisation of styrene in the presence of tetrabutylammonium perchlorate. The kinetics of these reactions were followed in methylene chloride with a cell provided with a sintered-glass membrane and a sampling device at the anode compartment. S-shaped time-conversion curves were obtained indicating the accumulation of chain carriers during the electrolysis. The results were treated assuming that the concentration of active species was directly proportional to the time-integrated current flow, and that no termination oc-... 

These include membranes made of liquid electroactive substances or with electroactive substances dissolved in a suitable non-volatile, water-immiscible solvent (mediator). In early designs, the organic phase was placed between two aqueous phases in bulk or with the support of a thin, porous cellulose sheet, sintered glass, or the like. As work with these sensors proceeded, more durable polymer supports were developed, most often poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). An electroactive... 

P. Meriaudeau, A. Thangaraj and C. Naccache, Preparation and characterization of silicalite molecular sieve membrane over supported porous sintered glass. Paper presented at the 1st International Workshop of Catalytic Membranes, September 1994, Lyon-ViUeurbanne, France. 

Note-, instead of spreading bacteria on the membrane on agar, a more even distribution can be obtained by filtration of a suspension of bacteria (in 5 ml for a 82 mm membrane) through the membrane on a sterile sintered glass filter with a vacuum. 

---