Membranes reflection

The simplest osmotic dosage form, ALZA Corporation s OROS elementary osmotic pump (Fig. 7), combines the dmg and sometimes an osmotic agent in a monolithic core and deflvers the dmg in solution (102). The mass dehvery rate with time dm df) of the dmg solution is described by equation 4, where is the hydrauHc permeabiUty of the membrane, a is the membrane reflection coefficient, Atz is the osmotic pressure gradient, APis the hydrostatic back pressure, A is the area of the membrane, C is the dissolved concentration of the dmg, and b is the membrane thickness. 

The frequent association of electron-transfer proteins with membranes reflects the important role of the membrane in controlling the orientation of the proteins for fast electron transfer. It ensues that electron transfer utilizes all the redox components and does not bypass electron-transfer proteins having associated essential functions such as proton pumping. The existence of such gradients associated with electron transfer would not be possible in the absence of the membrane. 

Fuel cells have a guaranteed application time of about 12-15 months, the thickness of the membrane reflects a compromise between response time and reduction of water loss. Various brands show differences in quality, eg, application time, accuracy, and reliability, and in price. 

Since there is little reason to suppose the basement membrane reflection coefficient to be any value other than zero [41], the strength of transport for a realistic interspace model will be... 

The swelling behaviour of a membrane reflects the capacity of the membrane to specifically interact with the absorbed molecules. Thus, Amnuaypanich et... 

A high increase of ethylene takes place upon incubation of crude microsomes with ACC and linolenic acid. Furthermore, a split of lipoxygenase and ethylene-forming enzyme, separated on Sephadex G-50 from solubilized microsome membranes, reflects that linolenic acid was required for the ethylene formation by the proteins of the first peak (lipoxygenase activity) but not by those of the second one (ethylene-forming enzyme) ( Fig. 1 and Table 2 ). 

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