Membranes Potassium chloride data

OSHA PEL TWA 1 mg(Fe)/m3 ACGIH TLV TWA 1 mg(Fe)/m3 DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion and intravenous routes. Experimental reproductive effects. Corrosive. Probably an eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant. Mutation data reported. Reacts with water to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Catalyzes potentially explosive polymerization of ethylene oxide, chlorine + monomers (e.g., styrene). Forms shock-sensitive explosive mixtures with some metals (e.g., potassium, sodium). Violent reaction with allyl chloride. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of HCl. 

Fig. 6.2-1. Potassium chloride flux across an organic membrane. In these experiments, a concentrated solution of KCl dilfuses across a polyether-chloroform membrane into pure water. The flux observed is not proportional to the salt s concentration but to this concentration squared. This effect occurs because potassium and chloride ions associate within the membrane to form ion pairs. [Data from Reusch and Cussler (1973).]...

Anion movements across the red cell membrane are much faster processes than cation movements. For example, potassium ion permeability has been reported to be about 2.2 X 10 11 cm/sec at 23°C and low ionic strength (19), while that for chloride ion calculated from the data of Tosteson (20) is about 10"4 cm/sec at about 23°C. The half-time for this chloride exchange is about 0.2 sec, so rapid that special techniques had to be devised to follow its time course. The same held true for the study of OH" movements, necessitating development of the apparatus described above. 

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