Membrane-mediated loading

Reusable Gel Cassettes and Membrane-Mediated Sample Loading... 

Membrane-mediated sample loading provides a rugged, easy loading mechanism for ultrathin-layer electrophoresis gels, conveniently applicable for both vertical and horizontal formats [11]. The samples are spotted manually or automatically (robots) onto the surface of the loading membrane tabs, outside of the separation platform. The sample spotted membrane is then placed into the injection (cathode) side of the separation cassette, in intimate contact with the gel edge. By the application of the electric field, the sample components migrate into the gel. There is no need to... 

Fig. 5. A process of transport of biopolymers through a membrane mediated by transport vesicles with recognition, binding, and then fusing with the acceptor membrane to deliver the load [47]...

REUSABLE GEL CASSETTES AND MEMBRANE-MEDIATED SAMPLE LOADING... 

Cassel, S. Guttman, A. Membrane-mediated sample loading for automated DNA sequencing. Electrophoresis 1998, 19,1341. 

Figure 13 Mediated transport kinetic scheme. C = carrier, S = solute 1 and 2 represent sides of the membrane g are rate constants for changes in conformation of solute-loaded carrier k are rate constants for conformational changes of unloaded carrier f and bt are rate constants for formation and separation of carrier-solute complex. (From Ref. 73.)...

Fig. 5 Synaptic vesicle recycling in the synapse. For synaptic vesicle recycling, several endocytic mechanisms appear to co-exist in synaptic nerve terminals. In the case of fast kiss-and-ran exo-cytosis/endocytosis, the fused vesicle does not collapse into the membrane but is retrieved directly by a fast process. The molecular machinery underlying this pathway is unknown. Vesicles that have fully collapsed into the membrane are recycled by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Clathrin, along with other proteins, is involved in membrane invagination (see figure and text) and leads finally to the formation of a constricted pit. The GTPase dynamin (black ring) mediates membrane scission of the constricted pit. After removal of the clathrin coat, two pathways are possible (direct recycling and recycling via the early endosome). In all cases, before fusion the recycled vesicles have to be loaded with neurotransmitters (NT).

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