Melt spinning commercial

Polyester. Polyester is made by the polymerization reaction of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. The fibers are formed by melt spinning. Commercially introduced in 1953 by the du Pont Company, polyester fibers have high strength, good wrinkle recovery, and very low moisture absorbance. The fiber usually is spun with a round cross section. 

AH commercial linear polyamides that melt at or below 280°C are melt- rather than solution-spun into fiber because melt spinning is more economical. 

Melt spinning of the E-plastomers has been the source of a commercial development directed to woven cloth of cross-linked E-plastomers [16]. Recent work on the rheological and theoretical estimation of the spinnability of polyolefins is a part of this development. 

Aromatic polyesters had been successfully synthesized from the reaction of ethylene glycol and various aromatic diacids but commercialization awaited a ready inexpensive source of aromatic diacides. An inexpensive process was discovered for the separation of the various xylene isomers by crystallization. The availability of inexpensive xylene isomers allowed the formation of terephthalic acid through the air oxidation of the p-xylene isomer. DuPont produced polyester fibers from melt spinning in 1953, but it was not until the 1970s that these fibers became commercially available. 

Olefin fibers are manufactured commercially by melt spinning, similar to the methods employed for polyester and polyamide fibers. 

As already indicated, pure PAN softens at elevated temperatures, and thermal decomposition starts before the molten state is reached. The same is true of the copolymers commonly used to produce fibers. Accordingly, melt spinning is impossible spinning must be done from a solution of the polymer. Both dry and wet spinning are carried out in current commercial operations. 

Melt-spinning ol SiC-snspensinns and the chemical conversion ol C-fibers have minor commercial impoilancc... 

Commercial PET has a melting point of about 270°C. Thus, a fiber is produced from the bulk resin by melt spinning into a dry inert gas using a melt temperature of 280-300°C (Fig. 21.1). Fabrics woven from PET resin fibers include the well known Dacron, Fortrel, Crimplene, and Trevira trade names. Although fibers dominate PET processing, a substantial fraction is also blow... 

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