Melatonin retinoids

It is known that retinoid-related compounds (Fig. 7) represent classes of promising antioxidative potential. A series of melatonin retinoids was synthesized using the condensation reaction sequence involving tetrahydrote-... 

Melatonin is an indole-derived anterior pituitary hormone that causes downstream inhibition of a-MSH-induced melanogenesis. Melatonin is antiamnesic, synchronizes circadian and circannual rhythms and is metabolized to 5-methoxytryptamine. Melatonin acts via GPCRs MT1 and MT2 (which both couple through Gai and cAMP decrease). MT1 may also couple via Gao and Gaq to activate PLC (and hence increase cytosolic Ca2+) and via G Gy activation of PLA2. Melatonin can further interact with nuclear receptor superfamily orphan retinoid receptors RZR/ROR. Melatonin fluctuates with a circadian rhythm and is elevated in blood during the night. Melatonin is accordingly of social importance in relation to shift work and jet-lag. Melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine occur in some plants (Table 5.8). 

The other major clinical issue is glaucoma, where P450 IBl variants are clearly associated with the disease [127, 339]. The condition is reproduced in a mouse CYPIBI knockout, but the mechanism is still elusive [106, 339]. As mentioned previously, P450 IBl has a broad catalytic specificity, and estrogens, arachidonic acid, retinoids, and melatonin have all been considered as possibly being involved [339]. 

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