Melanin hyperpigmentation

Furthermore, the inhibitors may be clinically used for the treatment of some skin disorders associated with melanin hyperpigmentation and are also important in cosmetics for skin whitening effects [27-42], so there is a need... 

Skin lighteners, freckle and age spot removers, and other remedies for hyperpigmentation are not actually bleaches like the products listed so far. The active ingredient is hydroquinone, which inhibits melanin formation when applied to the skin. Since the effect is easily reversed by exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light, a sunscreen is usually included in the formula. 

Hyperpigmentation A common darkening of the skin which occurs when an excess of melanin forms deposits in the skin. 

Hyperpigmentation, melanin Topical Apply twice daily. 

Results of the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders depend entirely on the depth of the problem and the depth of the treatment. They are frequently treated with peels that reach or go beyond the Grenz zone, in conjunction with appropriate daily care. The only way to treat melasma permanently is by completely destroying the cells that produce melanin, by peeling beneath the... 

Topical treatments for melasma usually include tyrosinase inhibitors, with or without tretinoin or one of its precursors. Azelaic acid is also a viable treatment option. A corticosteroid can be combined with it to counter any potential active inflammation. Lasers, intense pulsed light (IPL), dermabrasion and microdermabrasion have also been suggested, but often cause post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. TCA can be an excellent treatment for melasma it eliminates the melanin stored in the papillary dermis and epidermis (Figure 13.8). Mesotherapy has been recently reputed as an effective treatment of melasma. ... 

Many medications can cause changes in skin color. These can be caused by the medication, or may be due to disturbances in melanin production or formation. Depending on the medication, the site of hyperpigmentation can vary. For example, patients receiving... 

B. Excess phenylalanine inhibits tyrosinase the first step toward melanin production, thus resulting in hypopigmentation. Excess melanin leads to hyperpigmentation. Melatonin is a hormone involved in the sleep cycle. Excessive stimulation of tyrosinase would lead to more melanin and therefore hyperpigmentation. Para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate means less transamination and perhaps more tyrosine converted to melanin and hyperpigmentation. 

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