Megaureter primary

Ureteral dilatation, or hydroureter, is a frequent cause of a dilatation of the fetal urinary tract. Under normal conditions, on fetal or postnatal US, the normal ureter is not visualized. Once it is visible (Fig. 5.20), a urinary tract dilatation is present and must be investigated (Keller and Weiss 1993). The presence of a dilated ureter may correspond to primary megaureter (MU), to refluxing MU (see Chap. 11), to nonobstructive nonrefluxing hydro-ureter, or to secondary hydroureter. The various imaging techniques will be necessary in order to differentiate between these entities. 

Fig. 5. 22. Primary left megaureter on MR urography (courtesy of JN Dacher, MD)...

Baskin LS, Zderic SA, Snyder HM et al (1994) Primary dilated megaureter long-term follow-up. J Urol 152 618-621... 

Liu AHY, Dhillon HK, Diamond DA et al (1994) Clinical outcome and management of prenatally diagnosed primary megaureters. J Urol 152 614-617 Lucaya J, Enriquez G, Delgado R et al (1984) Infundibulopel-vic stenosis in children. AJR 142 471-474 Maizels M, Stephens FD (1980) Valves of the ureter as a cause of primary obstruction of the ureter. J Urol 123 742-746 Maizels M, Reisman ME, Flom LS et al (1992) Grading nephro-ureteral dilatation detected in the first year of life. JUrol 148 609-614... 

Fig. 11.20a,b. VUR and primary megaureter, a VCU left grade II VUR the right VUR is very subtle (arrowheads) because of the dilatation and obstruction of the ureter, b IVU typical right megaureter... 

Blane CE, Zerin MJ, Bloom DA (1994) Bladder diverticula in children. Radiology 190 695-697 Blickman JG, Lehowitz RL (1984) The coexistence of primary megaureter and reflux. AJR 143 1053-1057 Blickman J, Taylor G, Lehowitz R (1985) VCU the initial study in children with UTL Radiology 156 659-662 Blyth B, Passerini-Glazel G, Camuffo C et al (1993) Endoscopic incision of ureteroceles intravesical versus ectopic. J Urol 149 556-559... 

Willi U, Lebowitz RL (1979) The so-called megaureter-mega-cystis syndrome. AJR 133 409-416 Wolfish NM, Delbrouck N, Shanon A et al (1993) Prevalence of hypertension in children with primary VUR. J Pediatr... 

Fig. 13.22a,b. Spontaneous resolution of a primary megaureter, a Intravenous urography at the age of 2 months showing a typical left megaureter, b Intravenous urography at 8 months showing the resolution of the ureteral dilatation... 

Fig. 15. 26. Renal candidiasis and US. Diffuse hyperechoic pattern. Sagittal scan of the left kidney (case of ureterohy-dronephrosis related to a primary megaureter)...

Postoperative imaging in children with primary obstructive megaureter includes a micturating cystogram to rule out reflux. Follow-up ultrasonography and radionuclide scintigraphy are performed at 3-6 months. 

Liu A, Dillon HG, Yeung CK et al (1994) Prognosis and management of primary megaureters detected in the newborn period. In Book of abstracts, American Academy of Pediatrics Annual Meeting, pp 67-68... 

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