Medium Effects on the Rate

The effect of the medium on the rate of a reaction does not usually play an important role in the deduction of mechanism. However it is vital that its impact on rate is always assessed. 

The rate constant for a reaction is obtained by working at constant ionic strength or alternatively by extrapolating data obtained at different ionic strengths to zero or occasionally infinite ionic strength. This procedure is necessitated by the fact that ions (derived both 

The terms Ki and Ki are activity and concentration equilibrium constants and /xj, /, and /g are activity coefficients of the activated complex and of the reactants. Thus, 

This is equivalent to the earlier Bronsted-Bjerrum equation X /b 

For the reaction between an ion and a dipolar molecule, the rate is largely uninfluenced by ionic strength. A relation of the type 

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