Mechanical design Thermal expansion

Efforts should be made to eliminate the use of expansion joints in process piping. However, if needed, the expansion joints are used to mitigate the pipe stresses caused by large thermal movements. Table 7-9 lists the recommended mechanical design criteria for expansion joints. 

Develop a detailed mechanical design of the CO conversion reactor, paying particular attention to the choice of alloy steels versus refractory linings, provisions for thermal expansion, inlet gas distribution, catalyst bed-support design, facilities for charging and discharging catalyst and provisions for instrumentation. 

Thermal expansion properties, which may be important in some processing situations, such as freeze-drying. The physical design of the container also influences its resistance to thermal and mechanical shock. 

The same capillary phenomena affect brazing practice for joining both ceramic and metal components, but the relative importance of the phenomena differs, and this makes it convenient to discuss their effects in a different sequence. Further, most joining of ceramics is to metals and the different thermal expansion and mechanical characteristics of these two families of materials, as exemplified in Table 10.4, have a profound effect on joint design that is not related to capillarity. 

---