Measurements of zero-field splitting parameters

The temperature variation of the powder sample magnetic susceptibility reflects the integral effect of the g-values and zero-field splitting parameters (D, E, a, F). However, several other techniques allow us to measure these parameters directly  

Selected experimental data on the axial zero-field splitting parameter D 

Such experiments were done in high (pulsed) fields, for instance, for FeSiF6 6H20 [28, 29], 

Far-infrared spectroscopy [34] is another technique capable of measuring the energy gap—the zero-field splitting parameter D. 

Calorimetric measurements on Schottky anomalies are reviewed elsewhere [50]. 

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