Measurement and Discovery

We need the compilation of much large databases, and vetting to eliminate the unreliable data, and to publish databases with more substances with more properties. 

This would create a tremendous boost to the work of the product innovators, as well as to the work of researchers who seek to develop theory and correlations between molecular structure and properties. The searchers in product innovations also need better search engines, in the form of databases that are designed and compiled to be reverse searchable, so that one can state a set of desired properties and find a set of materials that have them. This would address the modern Thomas Midgley problem, of finding the set of all compounds that boil between -30 and 0 °C, that are nonflammable and nontoxic, that do not harm the stratospheric ozone layer, and that do not cause global warming. 

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F. Bloch (Stanford) and E. M. Purcell (Harvard) development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith. 

Edwards Mills Purcell (1912-1997), American physicist and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University. His main domains were relaxation phenomena and magnetic properties in low temperatures. He received in 1952 the Nobel Prize, together with Felix Bloch, for their development of new methods for nudear magnetic predsion measurements and discoveries in connection therewith ... 

Membrane Permeability - Measurement and Prediction in Drug Discovery... 

Since the discovery of radium compounds, many radio-active substances have been isolated. Only exceedingly minute quantities of any of them have been obtained. The quantities of substances used in experiments on radio-activity are so small that they escape the ordinary methods of measurement, and are scarcely amenable to the ordinary processes of the chemical laboratory. Fortunately, radio-activity can be detected and... 

The period measurement (measurement of the oscillation duration) vi/as the result of the introduction of digital time measurement and the discovery of the proportionality of crystal thickness Dq and oscillation duration Tq. The necessary precision of thickness measurement permits application of equation 6.3 up to about AF < 0.05 Fq. 

The E-pH diagram for 10 M Ra is presented in Figure 6.6. This concentration is used because such a solution of the most long-lived radium isotope Ra-226 (half-life 1620 years) would be decaying at the rate of about 3 billion atoms per minute per liter. Such a radioactivity could be worked with given special apparatus and precautions, but more concentrated solutions would require more demanding measures. The discovery of the element Ra was in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie, Pierre Curie, and M. G. Bemont who isolated its salts from large quantities of pitchblende. 

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