McLennan

Several explicit applications of these relations may be found in the books by Kubo et al [32] and by McLennan [33]. 

McLennan J A 1989 Introduction to Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics (Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall) ch 9... 

For reviews, see E. Baeiocehi in Chemistry of Halides, Pseudo-HaUdes and Azides, Part 2, S. Patai and Z. Kappopjit, eds., John Wiley Sons, New York, 1983, Chapter 23 W. H. Saunders, Jr., and A. F. Coekerill, Mechanisms of Elimination Reactions, John Wiley Sons, New York, 1973 D. J. McLennan, Tetrahedron 31 2999 (1975). 

Year Review, 12th ed, Marsh and McLennan Protection Consultants, Chicago. 

Garrison, W. G. (1989). Large Property Damage Losses in the Hydrocarbon-Chemical Industries A Thirty Year Review (12th ed.). Chicago Marsh and McLennan Protection Consultants. 

Next we turn to the magnitudes of the p constants. Evidently if p = 0, there is no substituent effect on reactivity. Moreover because p = -I-1.000 by definition for the aqueous ionization of benzoic acids, we have a scale calibration of sorts. Wiberg gives examples of p as a measure of the extent of charge development in the transition state. McLennan" has pointed out that p values must first be adjusted for the transmission factor before they can be taken as measures of charge devel-... 

Additional experimental verification that molecules of hydrogen in condensed phases are in states approximating those for free molecules is provided by the Raman effect measurements of McLennan and McLeod.13 A comparison of the Raman frequencies found by them and the frequencies corresponding to the rotational transitions / = 0—>/ = 2 and/= 1— / = 3 (Table II) shows that the intermolecular interaction in liquid hydrogen produces only a very small change in these rotational energy levels. 

J. C. McLennan and W. G. Plummer, Phil. Mag. 7, 761 (1929), have found that powder photographic data indicate cubic close-packing of the molecules. 

Hultman, E., Bergstrdm. J., McLennan-Andersson, N. (1967). Breakdown and resynthesis of phosphorylcreatine and adenosine triphosphate in connection with muscular work. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 16, 56-66. 

For additional evidence for this view, see Laureillard, J. Casadevall, A. Casadevall, E. Tetrahedron, 1984, 40, 4921 Helv. Chim. Acta, 1984, 67, 352 McLennan, D.J.7. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2,1981,1316. For evidence against the S>j2 (intermediate) mechanism,... 

However, the E2C mechanism has been criticized, and it has been contended that all the experimental results can be explained by the normal E2 mechanism. McLennan suggested that the transition state is that shown as 18. An ion-pair mechanism has also been proposed. Although the actual mechanisms involved may be a matter of controversy, there is no doubt that a class of elimination reactions exists that is characterized by second-order attack by weak bases. " These reactions also have the following general characteristics (1) they are favored by good leaving groups (2) they are favored by polar aprotic solvents (3) the reactivity order is tertiary > secondary > primary, the opposite of the normal E2 order (p. 1319) (4) the elimination is always anti (syn elimination is not found), but in cyclohexyl systems, a diequatorial anti elimination is about as favorable as a diaxial anti elimination (unlike the normal E2 reaction, p. 1302) (5) they follow Zaitsev s rule (see below), where this does not conflict with the requirement for anti elimination. 

F. Mclennan and B. R. Kawalshi, Process Analytical Chemistry , Blackie Academic and Professional, London, 1995. 

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) depletion is the most consistent evidence of compromised antioxidant status in diabetes with reports of reduced levels and altered metabolic turnover in several tissues in experimentally induced diabetes in animals (Rikans, 1981 Yew, 1983 McLennan et al., 1988) and in patients with diabetes (Som et al., 1981 Jennings et al., 1987 Sinclair et al., 1991). 

McLennan, S., Yue, D.K., Fisher, E., Capogreco, C., HefFernan, S., Ross, G.R. and Turtle, J.R, (1988). Deficiency of ascorbic acid in experimental diabetes relationship with collagen and polyol pathway abnormalities. Diabetes 37, 359-361. 

Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1995) The geochemical evolntion of the continental crust. Rev Geophys 33 241-265... 

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