Mayer, Robert Julius

Sec also Carnot, Nicolas Leonard Sadi Clausins, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Culture and Energy Usage Ethical and Moral Aspects of Energy Use Gibbs, Jonah Willard Industiy and Business, History of Energy Use and Joule, James Prescott Kinetic Energy, Historical Evolution of the Use of Mayer, Julius Robert von Refining, History of Thomson, William Watt, James. 

Mayer, Julius Robert von (1814-1878) German physician and physicist in Heilbronn and one of the founders of thermodynamics. He was the first person to develop the law of the conservation of energy (first law of thermodynamics). 

German physician Julius Robert Mayer. Mayer s work, although historically important for its insights into the conservation-of-energy principle, was however tainted by errors in physics and an unacceptable reliance on philosophical arguments. 

The three men whose work later in the nineteenth century was crucial in bringing clarity to this principle were two Germans, the physician Julius Robert Mayer and the great polymath Hermann von Helmholtz, and the British amateur scientist James Joule. In a lecture delivered by Helmholtz on February 7, 1854, in Konigsberg on The Interaction of Natural Forces, ... 

Julius Robert Von Mayer was born in 1814 in Heilbronn, a small town on the Ncckar river, halfway between Heidelberg and Stuttgart. Interested in science as a youth, he decided on a career in medicine, and in 1832 began his medical studies at the University of Tubingen. After completing his studies there in 1838, he received his M.U. degree. 

Cmeva, K. L. (1993). Robert Mayer and the Cnnseivation of Energy. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press. Friedlander, S. (1905). Julius Robert Mayer. Leipzig T. Thomas. 

Julius Robert Mayer formulates the mechanical equivalent of heat... 

Julius Robert von Mayer (1814-1878) German physician and physicist Tubingen, Germany. 

In the early 19th century (1803), Dalton proposed his atomic theory. In 1811, Amedeo Avogadro made clear the distinction between atoms and molecules of elementary substances, hi addition, the concepts of heat, energy, work, and temperature were developed. The first law of thermodynamics was set forth by Julius Robert von Mayer and the second law of thermodynamics was postulated by Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin). Later in the century, Clausius, Ludwig Boltzmarm, and James Clerk Maxwell related the ideal gas law in terms of a kinetic theory of matter. This led to the kinetics of reactions and the laws of chemical equilibrium. 

Julius Robert Mayer - http //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File Julius Robert Mayer von Friedrich Berrerjpg... 

Julius Robert Mayer was a physician practicing near Bavaria in the 1840s. As part of his research into human metabolism, he decided to determine the equivalence between heat and work. 

If none of this work was wasted, we could use it to lift a 1000-lb rock up to the top of Mount Everest (which is about 26,000 ft high). But in the 1840s, Julius Robert Mayer did not know the conversion... 

This is the nasty, but inescapable, lesson learned from the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which is derived from Julius Robert Mayer s work. A few examples will suffice to close this chapter ... 

We ought to be able to answer this question with Julius Robert Mayer s equation—also called the Second Law of Thermodynamics (see Chap. 40), which states that motor amperage (or electrical work) is proportional to... 

Mayer (von) Julius Robert (1814—1878) Ger. phys., determined quantitatively equivalence of heat and work, studied principle of conservation laws even extended to living and cosmic phenomena Mayow John (1641-1679) Brit, chem., studied similarity between chem. process of combustion and physiological function... 

Julius Robert Mayer, 1814-1878, was a German physicist originally trained as a physician. He was apparently the first to assert that heat and work are two different means by which energy is transferred, and that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. 

This idea, as expected, generated tremendous opposition because it was contrary to the doctrine of the conservation of heat that was deeply rooted as the basis of the science of heat at that time. Its establishment belongs to Julius Robert Mayer and, especially, to James Prescott Joule. 

Note that the effect is very small, when an apparatus is used as in the numeric example. Actually, the units in the equation do not cancel, but we can introduce cal = X J. We should obtain X = 4.18. Joule recovered this ratio in all his experiments. Already Carnot gave in his posthumous published work a remarkable accurate numerical value for the mechanical heat equivalent and even before Joule, Robert Julius Mayer succeeded in this problem. 

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