Matrix-assisted laser cationization

Several original papers must be mentioned that deal with mass spectrometric techniques which the numerous reviews do not comprise. Kaufmann and coworkers268,288 studied the mass spectrometric analysis of carotenoids and some of their fatty acid esters using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry and its post-source-decay (PSD) variant. Some advantages concerning the thermal instability and limited solubility were discussed, but the fragmentation paths of the carotenoid cations were found to be essentially the same as those observed with conventional techniques. 

Rashidezadeh, H. Hung, K. Baochuan, G. Probing Polystyrene Cationization in Matrix-Assisted Laser/Desorption Ionization. Eur. Mass Spectrom. 1998,4,429-433. 

Keki, S., Deak, G., and Zsuga, M., Fragmentation study of rutin, a naturally occurring flavone glycoside cationized with different alkali metal ions, using post-source decay matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom., 36, 1312, 2001. 

In initial work, a total of 17 different ILs were evaluated by the solvation parameter model [8]. Ten of these ILs were comprised of imidazolium or pyrolidinium cations paired with different anions. Many of these compounds represent the traditional class of IL solvents that have been used extensively in organic synthesis reactions or in other analytical uses. The remaining seven ILs consisted of substituted ammonium cations that have proven to be successful analyte matrices in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry [11]. 

Liu, S.Q., Sun, H.R., Sun, M.Z., and Xu, J.Q. 1999. Investigation of a series of synthetic cationic porphyrins using matrix-assisted laser desorp-tion/ionization time-of-flighl mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13 2034-2039. 

E. Botek, J. L. Debrun, B. Hakim, and L. Morin-Allory, Attachment of alkali cations on beta-D-glucopyranose Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight studies and ah initio calculations, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom, 15 (2001) 273-276. 

MALDI-MS refers to matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectroscopy, It is also called MALFI-TOF, because the mass spectrometer is a time-of-flight version. In this technique, the polymer is mixed with a molar excess of a salt, for cationization, and deposited on a probe surface. A UV laser is pulsed... 

T. J. R M. Naven and D. J. Harvey, Cationic derivatization of oligosaccharides with Girard s T reagent for improved performance in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray mass spectrometry. Rap. Commun. Mass. Spectrom., 10 (1996) 829—834. 

Scrivens, J. H., Jackson, A. T, Yates, H. T., Green, M. R., Critchley, G., Brown, J., Bateman, R. H., Bowers, M. T., and Gidden, J., The effect of the variation of cation in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-collision induced dissociation (MALDI-CID) spectra of oligomeric systems, Int J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 165/166, 363, 1997. 

Knochenmuss, R., Lehmann, E., and Zenobi, R., Polymer Cationization in Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization, Eur. Mass. Spectrom., 4, 421, 1998. 

Lloyd, P. M., Scrivener, E., Maloney, D. R., Haddleton, D. M., and Derrick, P. J., Cation Attachment to Synthetic Polymers in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Polymer Preprint, 847, 1996. 

King, R. C., Goldschmidt, R., Xiong, Y., and Owens, K. G., Mechanistic Studies of the Cationization of Synthetic Polymers by Alkaly Metals in the Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Experiment. 43rd ASMS Conf. Mass Spectrom., Atlanta, GA, 1237, 1995. 

Wong, C. K. L. and Dominic Chan, T.-W., Cationization Processes in Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Attachment of Divalent and Trivalent Metal Ions, Rapid. Commun. Mass Spectrom., 11, 513, 1997. 

Hanton, S.D., Owens, K.G., Chavez-Eng, C., Hoberg, A.-M., and Derrick, P.J. (2005) Updating evidence for cationization of polymers in the gas phase during matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. Eur. J. Mass Spectrom., 11, 23-29. 

Wang, Y., Rashidzadeh, H., and Guo, B. (2000) Structural effects on polyether cationization by alkali metal ions in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 11, 639-643. 

Chen, H He, M., Wan, X., Yang, L, and He, H. (2003) Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization study of cationization of PEO-PPP roddiblock polymers. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 17,177 182. 

Jackson, A.T., Yayes, H.T., MacDonald, W.A., Scrivens, J.H., Critchley, G., Brown, J., Deery, M.J., Jennings, K.R., and Brookes, C. (1997J Time-lag focusing and cation attachment in the analysis of synthetic polymers by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time-of-fiight-mass spectrometry.. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 8, 132-139. 

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