Materials Transfer, Handling, and Treatment

A major factor involved in the design of pumping and piping systems is the amount of power that is required for the partieular operation. Mechanieal power must be supplied by the pump to overeome frictional resistance, changes in elevation, changes in internal energy, and other resistances set up in the flow 

The various forms of energy can be related by the total energy balanee or the total mechanical-energy balance. On the basis of 1 Ibmt of fluid flowing under steady conditions, the total energy balanee may be written in differential form as 

The total mechanical-energy balance in differential form is 

Z = vertical distance above an arbitrarily chosen datum plane, ft V = specific volume of the fluid ft /lbm p = absolute pressure, Ibf/ft  

Q = heat energy imparted as such to the fluid system from an outside source, ft Ibf/lbm 

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