Materials total cycle

Alkanolamide from Coconut Oil. A 2 1 cocodiethanolamide (CDEA) can be produced using 6 moles of diethanolamine and 1 mole of rehned and bleached coconut oil. The materials are charged with the reactor and a small amount of catalyst (0.25-0.3% sodium methylate or sodium hydroxide) is added. The temperature of the batch is increased to 70-75°C at normal pressure. After 90 min, the reaction is completed. For a 10-t batch, total cycle time from charging the materials, heating them up, allowing the reaction to proceed to completion, and transferring the finished product takes at least 4 h. 

Example 11.5 An injection molding machine is rated 100 oz per shot. What is the plasticizing capacity (Ib/h) of this machine if the total cycle time is 30 s What is the average residence time of the material in the heating cylinder for an inventory weight of 50 oz Estimate the plasticizing capacity of the heating cylinder for low density polyethylene. 

Because the goal of lean is to reduce the cycle time between paying and getting paid, whenever processes are linked, the total cycle time is reduced. From a safety perspective, whenever you link processes, you reduce the requirement to move material. Less material handling equals a reduced safety injury risk. Whenever lean is implemented, safety is positively impacted because the drive to reduce cycle times often makes the work performed easier for the operator. Easier generally means safer. 

Phillips Petroleum has applied this technology to fabric reinforced Ryton (PPS) materials. A conveyorized infrared oven is used to rapidly preheat the lay-up to 600 °F in two to three minutes. The charge is quickly transferred to a preheated mold in a fast closing press for part forming. Total cycle times of one to three minutes are feasible with this automated approach. 

Order cycle time (also known as lead time) is the elapsed time from the placement of an order by the customer to the receiving of dehvery (see Figure 7.6). It is important to state standards to suit customer requirements and analyse the total cycle time into relevant components. Lynch and Cross (1991) claim that only 5 per cent of cycle time is devoted to adding value. In many cases the product is waiting to be worked on 95 per cent of the time. (This excludes raw materials in stock and finished goods in the warehouse.)... 

Book Preservation Associates (BPA) was formed in 1988 as a wholly owned subsidiary of ETO Sterilization, a processor of spices, medical products and cosmetics. In the BPA process books or other library materials are placed in closed boxes in a vacuum chamber. The pressure is reduced and the books are exposed to ammonia for 6 h. The chamber is then purged and evacuated. Ethylene oxide is introduced and the materials are held for 12 h at nearly atmospheric pressure. The chamber is alternately purged and evacuated up to 25 times before treated materials are removed. The total cycle time is 24 h [31]. Books are placed in an aeration room for two days to permit off-gasing of the ethylene oxide before being returned to H-braries. 

The process consists of three steps preconditioning, impregnation, and postconditioning. Books or other library materials are dried rapidly by dielectric heating to a moisture content of ca. 2 %. The documents are immersed in the deacidifi-cation solution for deposition of the neutralization agent Finally, excess solution is drained, excess chemicals are rinsed out, the solvent is removed under vacuum, and the books are removed. Total cycle time is less than 5 h. 

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