Mass Transport in a Magnetic Field Gradient

It follows that strong localized vortex motion may be generated by even slightly nonuniform fields, and the convective component of the convective diffusion equation (Eq. 20) becomes predominant, hi fact, a convincing argument may be put forward in favor of replacing Eq. 20 by the general vector equation 

An alternative view, based on the energetic aspects of MHD flows, leads to the same result. The rate of electromagnetic energy input into an electrolyte under an electric field E is 

In a first approximation, the profitability of an electrolytic process may be estimated by the profit-rate relationship 

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