Marxism

In the universities, a mathematical strand of supply-side Marxism has evolved that is closer to mainstream general equilibrium theory. Notably, for Morishima (1973 105), Marx s models are very similar to Walras in many aspects Marx s scheme of simple reproduction, or reproduction on the same scale, corresponds to Walras static general equilibrium system of production... Aggregate demand has hardly any role to play in this microeconomic approach. 

During the 25 years or so since the publication of Marx after Sraffa, there has been a concerted effort to salvage the labour theory of value from this powerful critique. The main defence has been to place emphasis on the money value-form of commodities, instead of the labour embodied form. Value-Form Marxism has a number of variants, but the most important contribution is the new interpretation , as represented here following Foley (1982). 

Crotty, J.R. (1985) The centrality of money, credit, and financial intermediation in Marx s crisis theory an interpretation of Marx s methodology , in S. Resnick and R. Wolff (eds) Rethinking Marxism Essays for Harry Magdoff and Paul Sweezy, New York Autonomedia, pp. 45-81. 

Jacoby, R. (1975) The politics of the crisis theory toward the critique of automatic Marxism II , Telos, 23 (Spring) 3-52. 

Kotz, D.M. (1991) Accumulation, money and credit in the circuit of capital , Rethinking Marxism, A 119-33. 

Kuhn, R. (1995) Capitalism s collapse Henryk Grossmann s Marxism , Science Society, 59 (2, Summer) 174-92. 

Samuelson, L. and Wolfson, M. (1986) Expository Marxism and comparative economic dynamics , History of Political Economy, 18 65-85. 

O Connor, James. (1996). The second contradiction of capitalism, in The Greening of Marxism, 197-221.ed. Ted Benton. New York Guilford Press, 207. 

This book adds to numerous preceding texts on consciousness the relatively new concept that particular neurotransmitters may be central to the process. As outlined in the Preface, communication between neurons is essential for consciousness and such communication, on the timescale applicable to conscious perception, is principally mediated by chemical neurotransmission. As Susan Greenfield (2000) points out in The Private Life of the Brain , acetylcholine may enable a whole population of cells to become more important than individual units, a kind of neuroscientific Marxism If the concept of transmitter NCC is incorporated into future discussions of the neurobiology of consciousness, or adds a further dimension to the neuropharmacology of disorders of the brain which affect conscious awareness, this book will have more than served its purpose. 

Egbert, D. D. Socialism and American Art in the Light of European Utopianism, Marxism and Anarchism. Princeton Univ. Press, 1947. 

Kolakowski, L. (1978) Main Currents of Marxism, Oxford Oxford University Press. 

Batuev. .. observes that the. .. theory ignores the fundamental principles of Marxism-Leninism. Neither Marx nor Lenin seems to have published any work on the H bond. (A footnote from Pimentel and McClellan, 1960.)... 

Marxism and became a supporter of the CCP. He became close to Chou... 

See Y. M. Uranovsky, Marxism and Natural Sciences , in Marxism and Modern Thought, ed. N. I. Bukharin et al. (London, 1935), p. 140. See also John Bellamy Foster, Marx s Ecology Materialism and Nature (New York, 2002). 

During his presidency, Nyerere visited almost every socialist-bloc state. For an enlightening survey of Marxism-inspired development plans throughout the Third World, see Forrest D. Colburn, The Vogue of Revolution in Poor Countries (Princeton Princeton University Press, 1994). 

Next, consider producer behaviour. Although the notion of profit as the engine of capitalist production is central in Marxism, the behavioural assumption of profit maximization is infrequently invoked. Yet many analyses only make sense if it is presupposed. In particular, Marx argued that the establishment of an economy-wide rate of profit takes place by capital moving from low-proHt to high-proflt sectors. Also, the choice of technique - which, contrary to a widespread view, was not denied by Marx - must be guided by profit-maximizing considerations. 

See especially my Exptainiitg Tecttnicat Oianfie, ch. 2 and "Marxism, functionalism and game theory". 

Or at least one answer lor an alternative conception, see Cohen, "Functionat explanation, consequence explanation and Marxism"... 

For this dlscuMion, sec Cohen, Karl Marx s Theory i Histonf, ch. VI van Parijs, "Marxism s central puzzle" Cohen, "Reply to four critics". ... 

For examples, see my "Marxism, functionalism aiul game theory". 

The structures of this variety discussed by Marx overlap with his uses of the term "contradiction", although neither set is included in the other. I first set out the two central uses of the term "contradiction" that refer to the fallacy of composition and, in one case, to counterfinality. They are central both by virtue of their theoretical importance in Marxism, and by the fact that they occur in the title or the subtitle of a chapter, suggesting that Marx did not use them without some specific idea in mind. 

The phrase that became a central clement in the Marxism of the Second International, the "contradiction between social production and private appropriation", is used several times by Engels, but to my knowledge only once by Marx, in the 1861-63 Critique ... 

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