Marino, G., Electrophilic Substitutions

Marino, G., Electrophilic Substitutions of Five-Membered Rings, 13, 235. 

For a review of electrophilic substitution on five-membered aromatic heterocycles, see Marino, G. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem., 1971, 13, 235. 

Electrophilic substitution in thieno[2,3-2>] and [3,2-6]thiophene systems is expected to proceed similarly to that in thiophene (see, e.g., Gronowitz and Marino ), a substitution occurring at position 2. Schomaker and Pauling were the first to discuss this effect in the case of thiophene. Challenger and Fishwick came to a similar conclusion about enothiophene 1 on the basis of the possible resonance forms. 

Volume 13 of this serial publication comprises six chapters of which four deal with general accounts of compound classes 1-azirines (F. W. Fowler), phenanthridines (B. R. T. Keene and P. Tissington), tri-thiapentalenes (N. Lozac h), and heterocyclic ferrocenes (F. D. Popp and E. B. Moynahan). The other two chapters are concerned with particular aspects of the chemistry of groups of heterocyeles the tautomerism of purines (B. Pullman and A. Pullman) and quantitative aspects of the electrophilic substitution reactions of five-membered rings (G. Marino). 

Linda, P., Marino, G., Santini, S. Electrophilic substitutions in five-membered heteroaromatic systems. XIII. Kinetics and mechanism of the Vilsmeier formylation of thiophene derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett. 1970,4223-4224. 

Mechanisms and rates of die electrophilic substitution reactions of heterocycles , Katritzky, A. R. and Fan, W.-Q., Heterocycles, 1992, 34, 2179. Electrophilic substitution of heteroaromatic six-membered rings , Katritzky, A. R. and Johnson, C. T>.,Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1967, 6, 608. Electrophilic substitutions of five-membered rings , Marino, G., Adv. Heterocycl. Chem., 1971, 13, 235. 

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