Manufacture in India

An example is the AstraZenecas anticholesterol drug Crestor (rosuvastatin). Although the patent expires only in 2012, there are already about 25 manufacturers in India, including famous names such as Ranbaxy (Rosuvas) and Dr Reddy s Laboratories (Rosvat). 

Glass manufacture in India was also of ancient origin, but definite data are difficult to ascertain. So also Chinese glass manufacture is doubtless many centuries old, but satisfactory chronological data are difficult to obtain. 

The antibiotics were procured commercially as pure dry powders, while the phenothiazines were obtained from their respective manufacturers in India in pure dry powder form. 

In the fine chemicals and pharmaceutical sectors lower labour rates, increased local demand and acceptance of international standards in quality management are also taking manufacturing away from Europe and the US. India has become the no.l manufacturer of the APIs for generic drugs 70% of all such APIs used in Europe are now manufactured in India and China. 

Ayurvedic medicines have also been reportedly adulterated and contaminated (154). For example, they have repeatedly been associated with arsenic poisoning, including hjrperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis (155). Of 70 unique Ayurvedic products manufactured in India or Pakistan and sold in Boston, mostly for gastrointestinal disorders, 14 contained lead, mercury, and/or arsenic, in concentrations up to about 100 mg/g (156). 

Butyl methoxy dibenzoyl methane is now manufactured in India, Europe, and USA. Global demand has been estimated at 200 tpa. In India, the FMCG major Hindustan Lever Ltd. (HLL) is the largest manufacturer and user of the material. Their brand name is Hysol. Another chemical company known as Chemspec Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. also manufactures this product for merchant sale. Based on the discussions with officials of HLL and Chemspec, it was learnt that 60-75 tpa is the total Indian requirement. Some quantities are exported to Europe and USA. 

Carrier-free Na l (40mCi/mL) was produced at the Radiopharmaceuticals Division of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in Mumbai, India. Yellow tetrazolium MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide) from Sigma (USA) was used for the cytotoxicity assay. Absorbance was measured at 550 nm in an ELISA reader (Bio-Tek, USA). Culture media and supplements were obtained from Sigma, and aU other chemicals and solvents were of analytical reagent grade, procured from reputed manufacturers in India. 

Anon. (2012, August 11). Manufacturing in India the marsala mittelstand. The Economist. 

Due to discouraging policies of the British government, the above plants could not expand since the import of chemicals using Sulphuric Acid from UK was cheaper than chemicals manufactured in India. 

An elaborate questionnaire was prepared by the authors and sent to over 100 institutes, public and private sector chemcial manufacturers, project engineering companies and chemical plant manufacturers in India. The response received from all the individuals and companies to our request was simply overwhelming. The present paper has used the information collected from these sources rather extensively. It is impossible to catalogue the names of all those who responded. We could, however, like to place so willingly on record our grateful thanks to all those, who responded. 

DDT may be manufactured (DDT is currently only manufactured in India, for the control of the insect vectors of malaria and visceral leishmaniasis) from chlorobenzene and chloral (CCI3CHO) in the presence of sulfuric acid. Write a mechanism for the process. Only about 77 % of commercial DDT is actually the compound of which we generally write the structure. Commercial samples contain 15 % of 25.1 and smaller amounts of 25.2 and 25.3. Explain how these compounds could arise from the synthesis. 

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