Mantius evaporator

Simonson-Mantius evaporator, which is supplied with saturated steam at 400 kPa gauge to lead coils submerged in the acid, and the condensate leaves at the saturation temperature. A vacuum is maintained at 4.0 kPa by means of a barometric leg. The acid is concentrated to 80% H2SO4 the boiling point at 4.0 kPa is 121°C. How many kilograms of acid can be concentrated per 1000 kg of steam condensed ... 

Figure 14 shows an evaporator where the central downtake has been replaced by a large annular downtake. The steam chest does not form an integral part of the evaporator, but is placed inside the shell on separate supports. This construction was first built by Kauffmann, and introduced in the United States by Mantius. Figure 15 A vertical-tube evaporator with the steam inside and the liquor outside the tubes. The top of the tubes is closed, and the steam either enters through the main tubes (Sanborn), or through a small concentric tube (Pecqueur and Mantius).

Figures 19 and 20 shows also a similar type of evaporator as constructed by Mantius and Badger, but in both cases the liquor is recirculated from the vapor body to the liquor chest, and is only discharged when it has reached the correct density.

Sodium Sulphide.—Concentrated from 8 to 45 per cent in single or multiple-effect evaporators of the horizontal-tube or rapid-circulation type, with a steam pressure of 5 lb. and a vacuum of 26 in., at the rate of IK to 2 gal. per square foot. Evaporators are of cast iron with tubes of charcoal iron or steel. Sometimes the hquor is further concentrated to 60 per cent in the Mantius high which is equipped with cast-iron tubes. 

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