Mannich bases definition

Table 40 lists the most frequently reported chemical features of Mannich bases employed as surfactants, along with brief indications of their individual function, although this aspect is hardly specifiable, as several different practical definitions can be given for the same molecule. For example, an antioxidant for lubricating oil may be also named an antisludge compound, due to its capability to reduce the formation of solid precipitate caused by oxidation processes. 

Definite improvements over the older directions were also achieved in two almost identical syntheses published independently by Rosenmund, Nothnagel, and Riesenfeldt (56), and by Mannich and Walther (57) in 1927. Based on the observation (58) that )3-nitrostyrenes add the elements of methanol when treated with sodium methoxide, these authors prepared... 

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