Manganese carboxykinase

Pyruvate Carboxylase. This enzyme has manganese firmly in its structure and acts together with phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase, an enzyme that is activated by manganese ions. These enzymes are required to catalyze the formation of PEP from pyruvate, a key reaction in the hepatic synthesis of glucose. 

The effect of manganese deficiency or excess on carbohydrate homeostasis have been studied by Keen, Hmley and coworkers, with some focus on pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase [302-304]. Other evidence indicates that Mn(II) has an insulin-mimetic effect, acting to stimulate protein kinases or phosphatases that control enzymes involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, or the hexose mono-P pathway [305-307]. A key role of Mn(II) in mucopolysaccharide metabolism has long been recognized [6]. 

The correlation between CA formation and manganese limitation in A. niger was studied through transcriptome and proteome profiling. Beside the three already described responses, two novel responses were observed, including strong down regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and two cation transporters. ... 

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