Mammals respiratory activity

According to Biberfeld, palmatine, calumbamine and jatrorrhizine all paralyse the central nervous system in frogs palmatine also produces this effect in mammals and differs from the other two in stopping respiration, probably by paralysis of the respiratory centre. All three alkaloids lower the blood pressure on intravenous injection, palmatine being the most active. 

Triacylglycerols can be mobilized by the hydrolytic action of lipases that are under hormonal control. Fatty acids are activated to acyl CoAs, transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane by carnitine, and degraded in the mitochondrial matrix by a recurring sequence of four reactions oxidation by FAD, hydration, oxidation by NAD+, and thiolysis by CoA. The FADH2 and NADH formed in the oxidation steps transfer their electrons to O2 by means of the respiratory chain, whereas the acetyl CoA formed in the thiolysis step normally enters the citric acid cycle by condensing with oxaloacetate. Mammals are unable to convert fatty acids into glucose, because they lack a pathway for the net production of oxaloacetate, pyruvate, or other gluconeogenic intermediates from acetyl CoA. 

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