Maintenance and repair operations

Miscellaneous Direct Costs Estimates for the cost of maintenance and repairs, operating supplies, royalties, and patents are best based on company records for similar processes. A rough average value for the annual cost of maintenance is 6 percent of the capital cost of the plant. This percentage can vaiy from 2 to 10 percent, depending on the severity of plant operation. Approximately half of the maintenance costs are for materials and half for labor. Royalty and patents costs are in the order of 1 to 5 percent of the sales price of the product. 

Maintenance and repairs Operating supplies Laboratory charges Royalties (if not on lump-sum basis)... 

Direct production costs include expenses directly associated with the manufacturing operation. This type of cost involves expenditures for raw materials (including transportation, unloading, etc.,) direct operating labor supervisory and clerical labor directly connected with the manufacturing operation plant maintenance and repairs operating supplies power utilities royalties and catalysts. 

Direct costs (DC) Raw materials Operating labour (OL) Direct Supervisory Utilities Maintenance and repairs Operating supplies Laboratory charges Patents and royalties From material balance (10-50% )TOC From manpower (10-20% TOC) 20% OL From energy balance (10-20% TOC) 10% Fc 1 % Ff. (6%OL) 10-20%OL 0-6% TOC... 

KeeGuard Contractor portable railing sets assemble quickly and easily for construction, maintenance and repair operations on the roof or throughout the facility. 

Riley, M. W., and T. L. Stentz. Incidence of Upper Extremity Pain in Railroad Maintenance and Repair Operations. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting, 1991, 853-856. 

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