Magnetization processes

The excitation field is the only field seen by the magnetization m the rotating frame. The magnetization processes about it. Starting from equilibrium (Mq=MqM ), transverse components are created and develop according to... 

The basic pulse sequence employed in the heteronuclear 2D shift-correlation (or HETCOR) experiment is shown in Fig. 5.40. The first 90° H pulse bends the H magnetization to the y -axis. During the subsequent evolution period this magnetization processes in the x y -plane. It may be considered to be made up of two vectors corresponding to the lower (a) and higher (/3) spin states of carbon to which H is coupled. These two... 

DEPT (distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer) A onedimensional C-NMR experiment commonly used for spectral editing that allows us to distinguish between CH, CH2, CH, and quaternary carbons. Detectable magnetization The magnetization processing in the x y -plane induces a signal in the receiver coil that is detected. Only single-quantum coherence is directly detectable. 

The formation of SWNT/MEHPPV composites was confirmed by absorption and fluorescence spectra. The DMF solution of SWNT/MEHPPV composites or the aqueous solution of the shortened SWNTs was then dropped onto a mica or glass plate. The magnetic processing of the composites or the SWNTs was carried out by using a superconducting magnet (8T) in the horizontal direction, as described below. 

Figure 15.2 Polarized absorption spectra of SWNT/MEHPPV composites on glass plates in (a) the absence (OT) and (b) the presence of magnetic processing (8T). In the absence of magnetic processing (OT), the polarization direction of the light against the longitudinal direction of the glass plates is horizontal...

Effects of Magnetic Processing on the Morphological, Electrochemical, and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Electrodes Modified with Cgo-Phenothiazine Nanoclusters... 

We examined the effects of magnetic processing on the morphological, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical properties of electrodes modified with nanoclusters of CfioN and MePH (Figure 15.4) using a strong magnetic field [49]. 

Figure 15.5 AFM images of QoN -MePH clusters obtained from CeoN and MePH in THF-H2O (2 1) mixed solvent on a mica surface in the absence (a) and presence of magnetic processing at 8T (b) at 283 K.

The redox potentials of the ITO electrodes modified with CgoN -MePH clusters were measured by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry in the absence and presence of magnetic processing. 

In the cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation peaks of PH were clearly observed in positive scans for all the modified electrodes. In contrast, reduction peaks of Cgo were clearly observed in the absence of magnetic processing but not in the presence of magnetic processing. 

Figure 15.6 Effects of magnetic processing on (a) DPV curves (b) potential dependences of photocurrents of QqN " -MePH clusters on ITO electrodes.

The M FEs on electrochemical and photoelectrochemical measurements can most likely be ascribed to the difference in the reduction potentials between the clusters in the absence and presence of magnetic processing using the morphological change of CfioN nanoclusters. 

Efl s of Magnetic Processing on the Luminescence Properties of Monolayer Films with Mn -Doped ZnS Nanoparticles... 

We prepared monolayered films with Q-Zni xMnxS and examined the effects of magnetic processing during their preparation on their luminescence properties [59]. 

Figure 15.8 Experimental set-up for magnetic processing in the preparation of monolayer films consisting of Q-Zni flVln fS.

The p-values for the monolayer films consisting of Q-Zni 3(Mn3jS (W=5.0, lOand x = 0.10) increased with increasing magnetic field in the magnetic processing, as shown in Table 15.1. At the same magnetic field (0.8 T), the effect of x-values on the... 

Table 15.1 Effect of magnetic processing on polarization degrees (p-values) of luminescence for monolayer films consisting of Q-Zni xMnxS (x = 0.10).

As a reference, magnetic processing in the preparation of monolayer films consisting of Q-ZnS without Mn ion was also carried out. The luminescence at 400 nm was observed in the monolayer films, however, no magnetic field effects on the p-values for the monolayer films were observed. 

Yonemura, H., Wakita, Y, Kuroda, N., Yamada, S., Fujiwara, Y. and Tanimoto, Y. (2008) Effects of magnetic processing on electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties of electrodes modified with C )-phenothiazine nanoclusters. ]pn. J. Appl. Phys., 47, 1178-1183. 

FERROSEP A magnetic process for removing iron contaminants from petroleum residues before desulfurization. Developed by Nippon Oil Company and Nippon Petroleum Refining... 

Since in this limit the magnetization process of the Ising model is just given by the Brillouin function (h = H/kgT remaining finite)... 

Figure 20.1. The magnetization process (a) demagnetized state (b) unsaturated state (c) saturated state. When an external magnetic field is applied, domain rotation and domain wall motion occur simultaneously or sequentially. Domain configuration can be found by minimizing the total energy related to magnetization. (From Ref 1, with permission from Elsevier.)...

Coherent rotation of magnetic dipoles is yet another common mode of magnetization process. This simply means that all the spins rotate together. 

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