Magnetisation and Susceptibility

When placed in a magnetic field, a substance will acquire a magnetisation (M), which may be thought of as the vector sum of the individual magnetic moments of the building blocks. The most typical experiments 

In practical experiments, the magnetometer is normally calibrated such that the experimentally determined magnetisation can be converted into the molar magnetic susceptibility (xm) through multiplication by the ratio of the molecular weight to the sample weight and dividing by the applied 

Experimentally measured values of susceptibility are, in fact, a combination of two opposing factors the paramagnetic susceptibility that normally arises primarily from unpaired electrons, which has a positive value, and also the diamagnetic susceptibility (xa )  

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A brief review is given on electronic properties of carbon nanotubes, in particular those in magnetic fields, mainly from a theoretical point of view. The topics include a giant Aharonov-Bohm effect on the band gap and optical absorption spectra, a magnetic-field induced lattice distortion and a magnetisation and susceptibility of ensembles, calculated based on a k p scheme. 

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