Magnetic resonance imaging chemical exchange saturation transfer

Boronic acids have been used in the development of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [174,175] quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors [174,176,177], Faradaic impedance spectroscopy [177], ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFET) [178], and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRl) [179]. The swelling of phenylboronic add polymers has also been used to control the release of insulin (180,181]. 

---