Magnetic polarization field, charged

The electric and magnetic polarization fields P(x), M(x) are invoked to describe the electrodynamic properties of charged particles they enter the theory through a representation of the lagrangian interaction potential for a closed system of electric charges and the electromagnetic field... 

The net fields are associated with the presence of charges and currents which are called free , while the electric and magnetic polarization are associated with induced charges and currents that are called bound . Thus, in the case of electric polarization which produces an electric dipole moment p(r), the bound charges are given by... 

Piezoelectric polymers are one kind of piezoelectric material, and piezoelectric materials are one of the snbsets of ferroelectric materials. Ferroelectric materials are materials that become polarized when snbjected to an applied electric field. The dipoles consisting of pins and minns electric charges within the material become aligned with the electric field. The prefix ferro- originally means iron and because iron is known to become magnetized (polarized) under a magnetic field, ferro- has been used as a synonym for the ability to become polarized. 

The Electrical A nalogue of Magnetic Cooling. Three Processes bg Which Ions Are Introduced into Solution.. 1 Polar Dielectric in an Electrostatic Field. The Concepts of Faraday and Maxwell. The Electrostatic Energy in the Fields of Ions. The. Charging of a Condenser. The Amount of Free Energy Lost, by a Dielectric. The Behavior of Solvents in an Electrostatic Field. A Dielectric in the Field of a Charged Sphere. Two Types of Process Contrasted. 

In the absence of an external magnetic field the Zeeman Hamiltonian provides zero energy and all the 11, Mi) levels (termed as / manifold) have the same energy. However, this may not be true for nuclei with / > V2. In this case, the non-spherical distribution of the charge causes the presence of a quadrupole moment. Whereas a dipole can be described by a vector with two polarities, a quadrupole can be visualized by two dipoles as in Fig. 1.11. 

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