Oscillating magnetic field

Figure 7.2 Schematic representation of coherent oscillations between states 0) and 1) of a qubit. For an electron spin placed in a dc magnetic field, oscillations can be induced via the application of an external radio frequency (rf) pulse resonant with the Zeeman energy. The amplitude 8 of the...

Fig. 41. Two independent measurements of force spectra of the MAC mode SFM at OMCTS-graphite interface. The amplitude of oscillation of the magnetic cantilever driven by an external magnetic field oscillates in both approaching (solid line) and retracting (dotted line) curves in the region of a few nanometers away from the surface due to ordered layers of OM-CTS molecules at the interface. The period of oscillation 8.2 A reflects the dimension ol OMCTS molecules along the direction perpendicular to the layers, a Driving frequency 500 Hz, scan rate 2.8 nm/s. b 200 Hz and 1.6 nm/s. The arrows on the plots correspond to repulsive-force maxima. Reproduced from [183]...

Fig. 5 Plots of (top) Xm T, (center) xm"/Xm and (bottom) xm" against temperature T, where Xm, Xm" and xm are in-phase-ac, out-of-phase-ac and dc molar magnetic susceptibilities, respectively, for a powder sample of [Pc2Tb]- TBA+ (open marks) and that diluted in [Pc2Y]— TBA with the molar ratio [Pc2Tb] /[Pc2Y] = 1/4 (filled marks) measured in 3.5 G ac magnetic field oscillating at indicated frequencies...

EH/ 1 = hi + 2 ) TI =0,1,2,... Electric and magnetic fields Oscillator-energy levels ij is also used locally in other contexts as index of summation... 

The theory developed initially by Hubbard93 for spherical top molecules in liquids shows that collisions cause the molecule to experience changes in the magnitude and direction of its angular momentum, which then causes the fluctuations required to create magnetic fields oscillating at the Larmor frequency. For a small molecule in a liquid it can be shown that... 

Perturbation. The sample is now irradiated with a pulse of plane-polarised rf radiation at the Larmor frequency. Plane polarised electromagnetic radiation consists of electric and magnetic fields oscillating in fixed planes perpendicular to each other and to the direction of the radiation. The nuclear spin packets which are already in thermal... 

Figure 3. Vector diagram, explaining the appearance of S-Tq oscillations in a radical pair in high external magnetic field. Oscillations arise if spins precess at different Larmor frequencies due to the difference A//ioc of local magnetic fields.

In an applied magnetic field at low temperatures (2 K and lower), one can observe a collective behaviour of the delocalised electrons at high fields (more than a few T) and with high-purity samples, namely magnetic-field oscillations. These are ... 

Plane-polarized light consists of electromagnetic waves with their electric and magnetic fields oscillating in the same direction. 

Figure 18-1 Plane-polarized electromagnetic radiation of wavelength A, propagating along the x-axis. The electric field oscillates in the xy-plane and the magnetic field oscillates in the xz-plane. Ordinary, unpolarized light has electric and magnetic field components in all planes.

The Gaussian mode is a specific case of the more generalized Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes these are also referred to as transverse electromagnetic (TEM) modes. The TEM modes carry indices / and m, namely TEM/ where / is the number of intensity minima in the direction of the electric field oscillation, and m is the number of minima in the direction of the magnetic field oscillation (basically, the formula describing the TEMqo mode distribution (Equation (3.4)) is modified by multiplication with so-called Hermite polynomials Him x,y, 2 L). 

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