Magnesium ions plant

Mukerji,S.K. Corn leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases activation by magnesium ions. Plant Sci. Lett. 2,243-248 (1974)... 

In most animal, plant, and microbial cells, the enzyme that phosphorylates glucose is hexokinase. Magnesium ion (Mg ) is required for this reaction, as for the other kinase enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. The true substrate for the hexokinase reaction is MgATP. The apparent K , for glucose of the animal... 

The hammerhead ribozyme was the first identified motif to catalyze sequence-specific self-cleavage in plant virus satellite RNA molecules (Fig. 1). This motif facilitates magnesium ion-dependent transesterification with a turnover rate of about 1 s ... 

Fig. 6.1 shows the basics of an electrolysis plant. The brine that is used must be purified for this electrolytic process. Calcium, sulfate, and magnesium ions are removed by precipitation reactions. 

Vermiculites are formed by the decomposition of mica. They contain layers of water and magnesium ions in place the potassium ions. When heated to 800°C-1100°C, vermiculite expands because of the conversion of the water to gas. The expanded vermiculite has a low thermal conductivity and density, and is used as a thermal and sound barrier as well as an aggregate in lightweight concrete. It is also used as a moisture-retaining soil conditioner in planting. 

Both calcium and magnesium are absorbed by plants as the positively charged calcium and magnesium ions, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and sulfur is absorbed as the negatively charged sulfate ion, SO 2-. Most topsoils contain enough of these ions for adequate plant growth. 

Figure 2. Distribution of magnesium ion concentration in limestone DA pilot plant.

A builder is a compound that removes calcium and magnesium ions normally present in water, and, as a result, reduces the concentration of surfactants required to carry out the detergent action. Currently, the builder mainly used in practice is sodium tripolyphosphate. However, phosphates are plant nutrients and provoke eutrophication in lakes and streams which receive municipal wastewater contaminated with detergent residuals. Consequently, the use of phosphates in detergents has been restricted. 

Sarex (1) [Saccharide extraction] A version of the Sorbex process, for separating fructose from mixtures of fructose and glucose. The usual feed is com syrup. The adsorbent is either a proprietary zeolite or an ion-exchange resin. Unlike all the other Sorbex processes, the solvent is water. The process depends on the tendency of calcium and magnesium ions to complex with fructose. The patents describe several methods for minimizing the dissolution of silica from the zeolite. The process is intended for use with a glucose isomerization unit, so that the sole product from com syrup is fructose. Invented by UOP in 1976 by 2003, five plants had been licensed. 

The enriched acidity of the rain (mentioned above) means that when it falls on the ground it dissolves essential ions, including magnesium, out of the soil. Magnesium ions are essential for photosynthesis, and so plant growth is affected. Acid rain also dissolves some of the more toxic ions, such as aluminium, copper, lead and zinc, out of the soil. These metals under normal conditions remain fixed in the soil, but acid rain makes these toxic elements more available to plant life. These elements stunt the growth of plants. The water run-off from the soil into rivers and lakes means a build-up of toxic ions, and aquatic plants and fish are affected. 

Magnesium hydroxide is a gelatinous material that forms during the water purification process in some water treatment plants because of magnesium ions in the water,... 

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