Macrophage-neutrophil system

NO is a gaseous neurotransmitter implicated in signaling in the central and peripheral nervous system as well as in the immune system and the vasculature. NO is formed from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). There are three isoforms of NOS. All isoforms require NADPH as a cofactor, use L-arginine as a substrate, and are inhibited by Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The three isoforms are separate gene products. One isoform of NOS is a cytosolic, calcium/calmodulin-independent, inducible enzyme (iNOS). It is found in macrophages, neutrophils, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelia. The iNOS... 

Cytological (at the cellular level) defense systems (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils)... 

Fig. 4 Intraperitoneal administration of HP-NAP inhibited the development of airway eosinophiUa in OVA-sensitized animals, (a) On day 1, mice were sensitized with OVA alone or with OVA plus systemic HP-NAP (Sy HP-NAP), and then exposed to aerosolized OVA. Control animals were injected with PBS alone and then exposed to aerosolized PBS. Cytocentiifuge preparations from BAL of the three groups of animals on day 18 were stained to calculate the proportions of eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes. Absolute counts ( SE) for each cell type were calculated from the number of total cells in the BAL. P < 0.01 versus OVA-treated mice, (b) Frozen sections of lungs from OVA-sensitized (left), and Sy HP-NAP-treated OVA-sensitized animals (right). Eosinophil infiltration in the lung is virtually absent in OVA-sensitized mice treated with Sy HP-NAP...

Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes are attracted to the area, and monocytes are converted to macrophages.18,19 The macrophages then stimulate additional prostaglandin production. Phagocytic cells and other players in the immune system release cytokines, including interleukins, interferon, and tumor necrosis factor. 

IL-lra (17.5) Monocyte/macrophage, fibroblast Specifically inhibits IL-1 effects, including SIRS and sepsis in animal models and humans. Attenuation of coagulation, fibrinolytic, and complement systems, levels of PAF and neutrophil elastase. 

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