M. Faraday

M. Faraday, in W. Crooker, ed.. The Chemical History of a Candle, Viking Press, New York, 1960. 

M. Faraday noted that oxygen was paramagnetic, correctly ascribed to the triplet ground state by R. S. Mulliken (in 1928). 

M. Faraday, Experimental Researches in Electricity. Seventh Series. 11. On Electrochemical Decomposition, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 77-122 (1834). 

A clear idea abont independent charged particles (atoms or atom gronps) existing in solntions was formnlated in 1834 by M. Faraday. He introdnced the new, now cnrrent terms ion (from the Greek word for wanderer ), anion, cation, and others. Faraday first pointed ont that the moving ions at once secnre the transport... 

The conductivity of solid salts and oxides was first investigated by M. Faraday in 1833. It was not yet known at that time that the nature of conduction in solid salts is different from that in metals. A number of fundamental studies were performed between 1914 and 1927 by Carl Tubandt in Germany and from 1923 onward by Abram Ioffe and co-workers in Russia. These studies demonstrated that a mechanism of ionic migration in the lattice over macroscopic distances is involved. It was shown that during current flow in such a solid electrolyte, electrochemical changes obeying Faraday s laws occur at the metal-electrolyte interface. 

Peculiar reactions occur during the oxidation of organic acid anions. In 1843, M. Faraday found that a hydrocarbon is evolved during the electrolysis of acetate solutions. These reactions were studied in 1849 by Hermann Kolbe, who showed that the acetate ions during electrolysis condense with the evolution of COj that is, the reaction (in modem notation)... 

M. Faraday was the first to observe an electrocatalytic process, in 1834, when he discovered that a new compound, ethane, is formed in the electrolysis of alkali metal acetates (this is probably the first example of electrochemical synthesis). This process was later named the Kolbe reaction, as Kolbe discovered in 1849 that this is a general phenomenon for fatty acids (except for formic acid) and their salts at higher concentrations. If these electrolytes are electrolysed with a platinum or irridium anode, oxygen evolution ceases in the potential interval between +2.1 and +2.2 V and a hydrocarbon is formed according to the equation... 

Thomas, J.M., Faraday Discuss. 122, 395 (2002), and references cited therein. 

M. Faraday Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London... 

M. Faraday, Phil. Trans. (London), 1834, 95. This paper also introduces the definitions of anode, cathode, anion and cation. 

Faraday, M., 1857. Experimental relations of gold (and other metals) to light, Philos. Trans., 147, 145 (reprinted in M. Faraday, Experimental Researches in Chemistry and Physics, William Francis, London, 1859, pp. 391-443). 

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