M-Amyl alcohol

Gknings-alkohol, m. ethyl alcohol, -amylal-kohol, m. amyl alcohol of fermentation (a mixture of 2- and 3- methylbutanol). -but-tersaure,/. (ordinary) butyric acid, -chemie, /. fermentation chemistry, zymurgy. 

Detailed examination of another madder preparation proved that the sample can be premordanted with alum. [ 19] After hydrolysis performed with hydrochloric acid and extraction with M-amyl alcohol, only four colourants are found alizarin, purpurin, and probably lucidin and ruberythric acid. Additionally, signals at m/z 525 and 539 are observed in the mass spectrum. Analysis of the preparation by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) shows that aluminium and calcium are the main inorganic components of the sample. This is why it was suggested that the signal at m/z 539 can be attributed to the complex of aluminium with alizarin, and the second one, observed at m/z 525, to an aluminium-calcium cluster. 

Part of the dehydrohalogenation occurs during the distillation of M-amyl alcohol at atmospheric pressure. If the solution was concentrated by distillation under reduced pressure, the product contained bromine and failed to crystallize. 

Experiments were also earned out by Donnan and Garner with a Itqmd membrane, namely amyl alcohol, the solutes being LiCl and KC1 LiCl is easily soluble m amyl alcohol, whilst KC1 is only very slightly soluble The osmotic cell system in this case would be represented by—... 

Several methods have been found to remove the 2-hydroxy group of lycorine to yield caranine and its derivatives. The conversion of dihydro-lycorine to a-dihydrocaranine (LIII) has been mentioned earlier (p. 319). A second route involves the reaction of lycorine or its diacetate with sodium and alcohol (82). In analogy with galanthine, lycorine or 0,0-diacetyllcorine is converted by sodium and m-amyl alcohol to a mixture of LXVIb and caranine (LXVIIb). The intermediate dieneol (LXVIIIb) was formed when 0,0-diacetyllycorine was treated with potassium i-amyloxide. Controlled catalytic reduction of LXVIIIb gave caranine. Finally, reduction of lycorine chlorohydrin (IXa, Cl instead of OH at C2) with zinc and acetic acid or, preferably, with lithium aluminum hydride has been shown to give caranine (115a). 

Ethylene thiourea (2-imidazolidinethione) [96-45-7] M 102.2, m 203-204". Crystd from EtOH or amyl alcohol. 

Isatin (indoIe-2,3-dione) [91-56-5] M 147.1, m 201-203 , 205°, pK >12 (acidic NH). Crystd from amyl alcohol and sublimed at 180°/lmm. In aq NaOH the ring opens to yield sodium o-ami nobenzoy 1 formate. 

On reduction with sodium in amyl alcohol deoxymatrine (C45H24N2)j, prisms, m.p. 162°, is produced, which with red phosphorus and hydriodic... 

Brucine crystallises from water or aqueous alcohol in monoclinic prisms containing 4H2O, m.p. 105° or 178° dry), [a]n — 119° to — 127° (CHCI3) or — 80-1° (EtOH). The alkaloid is slightly soluble in cold water fl in 320), more so in boiling water (1 in 150), very soluble in alcohol, chloroform, or amyl alcohol, sparingly soluble in ether (1 in 134). 

Sempervirine, C19H1JN2. H2O. From the alkaline liquid, after removal of gelsemine by ether, Moore observed that amyl alcohol extracted two amorphous alkaloids, of which the more basie was probably Thompson s gelseminine. From this material erystalline sempervirine was obtained by Stevenson and Sayre, and later by Chou, but a formula was first assigned to it by Hasenfratz. It forms yellow needles, m.p. 228°, from ehloroform, or orange-yellow to brown-red crystals, m.p. 258-260°, from alcohol, [a]D 0°, pK value 10-6. The salts crystallise well B. HCl. 2H2O, yellow prisms, m.p. > 300° B. HBr. 2H2O, m.p. 325°... 

The solubility of many steroids in ammonia-tetrahydrofuran-/-butyl alcohol is about 0.06 A/, a higher concentration than has been reported in other solvent systems. Still higher concentrations may be possible in particular cases by suitable variation in the solvent ratios Procedure 3 (section V) describes such a reduction of estradiol 3-methyl ether at a 0.12 M concentration. A few steriods such as the dimethyl and diethyl ketals of estrone methyl ether are poorly soluble in ammonia-tetrahydrofuran-/-buty] alcohol and cannot be reduced successfully at a concentration of 0.06 even with a 6 hour reduction period. The diethyl ketal of estrone methyl ether is reduced successfully at 0.12 M concentration using a two-phase solvent system of ammonia-/-amyl alcohol-methylcyclohexane (Procedure 4, section V). This mixture probably would be useful for any nonpolar steroid that is poorly soluble in polar solvents but is readily soluble in hydrocarbons. 

Ameisen-. formic, -aldehyd, n. formaldehyde. -amylMther, -amylester, m. amyl formate, -ather, m. formic ether (ethyl formate), geist, m. (Pharm.) spirit of ants (a mixture of formic acid, alcohol and water), -naphta, n. = Ameisenather. -persaure, /. peroxy-formic acid, performic acid, ameisensauer, a. of or combined with formic acid, formate of. — ameisensaures Salz, formate. 

Laddha, G.S. and Smith, J.M. The systems glycol-u-amyl alcohol-water and glycol-u-hexyl alcohol-water, Ind. Eng. Chem., 40(3) 494-496, 1948. 

Wu et al. have studied adsorption and reaction of 2-iodoethanol [177] and acetaldehyde [178] on Ag(lll). Doubovaet al. [179] have studied adsorption of amyl alcohol on Ag(lll) electrodes in 0.05 M KGIO4 solutions and explained the observed differences and inconsistencies in the light of the applied experimental technique (e.g. the role of ac frequency) and the electrode surface preparation procedure. Generally, amyl alcohol was adsorbed less on Ag(lll) than on Hg. The electron-induced surface reactions of methyl formate [180] and methanol [181] on Ag(l 11) have been studied by Schwaner and White. Foresti et al. [182] have investigated electrochemically, adsorption of 1,5-pentanediol on the Ag(lll) and Ag(llO) faces. 

Gerrard [11] had shown earlier that the slow addition of 0.5 mole of thionyl chloride to a mixture of pyridine (1.0 mole) and hydroxy compounds (n-butyl, M-amyl, or ethyl lactate—0.1 mole) gives pyridine hydrochloride and good yields of the sulfite (see Eq. 4). Primary and secondary alcohols with an aromatic nucleus in the a-position give chlorides in the absence of catalysts [12], For example, diphenylmethanol gives the chloride even at —78°C. Sulfites derived from tertiary alcohols are not known. The further addition of thionyl chloride converted the sulfite to the chlorosulfinate (see Eq. 5 and Table I). 

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