Lyophilization biochemical separation

S. J. Perstrelski, T. Arakawa, and J. F. Carpenter, Separation of freezing and drying-induced denaturation of lyophilized proteins using stress-specific stabilization. II. Structural studies using infrared spectroscopy, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 303, 465... 

Carpenter, J.F. Prestrelski, S. Arakawa, T. Separation of freezing- and drying-induced denaturation of lyophilized proteins by stress-specific stabilization I. Enzyme activity and calorimetric studies. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1993, 303, 456 64. 

The chemical and biochemical behaviors of humic substances can also be changed by GPC. Frimmel and Sattler (1982) studied the complexation/ adsorption of trace metals by dissolved humic substances and discovered that the affinity of humic substances for metals markedly increased following GPC. Similarly, Stewart and Wetzel (1982) observed that all Sephadex G-lOO fractions of dissolved humic material obtained from the aquatic macrophyte Typha were more stimulatory to C assimilation by algae than were the same humic substances that had not been fractionated. The observations indicated that the gel, eluent, or processing procedure (e.g., lyophilization, reconstitution, cleavage during separation) either reduced the toxicity of the humic substances or enhanced its stimulatory nature or affinity toward trace substances. 

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