Lundholm and Sayers

Lundholm and Sayers. Proposed in 1899 (BritP 10376) methods for the manuf of several expls, eg, mixts of NC with nitro-aromatic compds, mixts of oxy- or hydro-NC with various organic compds, etc. They also proposed charging projectiles by introducing expls in layers Ref Daniel (1902), 413... 

In the manufacture of nitrocellulose powders the water is displaced with alcohol. This method was proposed by Lundholm and Sayers [3] and widely used in many countries [4, 5]. Despite the simplicity of the idea the dehydration process is rather complicated. It is influenced by such factors as the solubility of nitrocellulose in alcohol and the ability of nitrocellulose to swell under the influence of alcohol the lower the solubility of nitrocellulose in alcohol, the more easy dehydrated with alcohol. Since, however, the solubility of nitrocellulose depends primarily on its nitrogen content dehydration is easier with the higher nitrated types of nitrocellulose. 

In the same year, Lundholm and Sayers, also of Sweden, proposed facilitating gelatinization by bubbling compressed air through a slurry of NC, NG and stabilizers(such as aniline chalk) in hot w. Under these conditions a dough was formed which was passed several times betw rolls heated to 50-60°. Then th3 sheet(carpet) was cut into square flakes and these were glazed with graphite and blended. DPhA was used as a stabilizer in later formulations of bal-listite... 

In the original solventless (or nonsolvent) method, patented in 1889 by Lundholm St Sayers, the soluble NC NG were stirred in hot water by means of compressed air. The dough thus produced was passed betw two rolls heated to 50-60°, whereby the bulk of water was pressed out and the NC-NG gel made into a sheet. This was folded over and passed thru the hot rolls again, and the opn was repeated until the material was converted into a uniform colloid, and all the water removed by evaporation. The sheet was then cut into square flakes, generally coated with graphite, and these were blended with flakes obtained from other sheets... 

Alfred P. Nobel (1833-1896), famous scientist (born in Sweden, raised and educated in Russia, and worked in Sweden, Germany USA), prepd a double-base smokeless propint by replacing camphor of Celluloid (Vol 2 of Encycl, p C95-L) with NG. He called the propint Ballistite. In 1889 he prepd Ballistite directly from Collodion Cotton (Vol 2 of Encycl, p C103) and NG using the solventless method of Lundholm Sayers. More detailed description is given in Vol 2 of Encycl under Ballistite on pp B8-B9 (See also Vol 3, p C400 and Ref 31a, pp 293—95). 

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