Luminescence Studies of Polymers

The present review begins with a brief description of the basic principles of luminescence [1-3], after which it deals with the fluorescence studies of polymers in solution and energy transfer in polymeric systems. Spectral and time dependent studies of polymers in the gel state are discussed later, with an emphasis on phase transition and phase separation studies. 

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U. Lemmer. R. F. Malm, Y. Wada, A. Greiner, H. Basslcv. E.O. Gobel, Time resolved luminescence study of recombination processes in electroluminescent polymers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1993, 62, 2827. 

In the preparation of a system of labeled polymers, it is advisable to use luminescent groups exhibiting the same chemical structure as that of the main type of markers. If necessary, the study of polymers containing the main type of LM may be supplemented by an investigation of the same polymers with a LM of anotter chemical structure. The authors used an anthracene group as the main type of LM for the following reasons. 

Various photophysical techniques continue to be used in the study of polymers some particularly interesting work on electrically-conducting pol37mers has been described by Roth and Bleier, inter alia. The photophysics of thin films and colloidal systems, including micelles, continues to be an important and active field of research see e.g. Kalyansundaram Debe. Cyclodextrins have been found to increase the chemiluminescence yields from aqueous peroxyoxalates by up to 300-fold (Woolf and Grayeski). Enzymegenerated excited states of acetone have been found to induce quasi-photochemical behaviour of riboflavin in the dark (Rojas and Silva). From studies of the luminescence of Schmidt and... 

Alessi, S., Calderaro, E., Fuochi, P. et al. (2005) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 236, 55-60. Allen, N. S. Owen, E.D. (1989a) Luminescence studies of the photooxidation of polymers, in Zlatkevitch, L. (Ed.) Luminescence Techniques in Solid State Polymer Research, New York Marcel Dekker. 

Polymer Blends. Let us now apply this technique to the study of polymer blends. We will assume that the two materials have different sets of (mechanical) transition temperatures and that energy spectra of the luminescent light given off by the two polymers are distinguishably different. If the two polymers are completely miscible on a molecular scale (a rare event indeed), we can expect that many of the luminescence maxima will be seen at temperatures different from those of the blend components. This will certainly apply to the Tg of the miscible blend which can be approximated by ... 

In addition, comparative intensity-time curves for different polymer samples (e.g. copolymers) can yield information on their ability in oxidative processes. A number of publications have reported the application of the luminescence method to the study of polymer oxidation [720,1423,1877,2338] and photooxidation [409, 721, 1545, 1647, 1651, 1876],... 

Lin Y-W, Jian B-R, Huang S-C et al (2010) Synthesis and characterizatimi of three ytterbium coordination polymers featuring various cationic species and a luminescence study of a terbium analogue with open channels. Inorg Chem 49 2316-2324... 

ABSTRACT. This chapter provides a general introduction to the techniques of fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy. Emphasis is focussed on aspects particularly relevant to the study of polymer samples, both in solution and in the solid state. Techniques are discussed, as are common artifacts. W i attempt to establish guidelines to show how various problems of current interest in polymer science might be studied by these luminescence techniques. 

We have studied two types of polymers that both belong to the second case those in which luminescent chromophores (typically K-coujugatcd oligomers) are separated by higher-energy-gap blocks (see Fig. 16-1 a) and those in which the chromophores are linked to each other in a non-coplanar way (sec Fig. 16-lb). 

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