Long chain dimethylamine oxide

Interaction of Long Chain Dimethylamine Oxide with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate in Water... 

Ammonium salts with two different alkyl chains were prepared directly via subsequent alkylations of dimethylamine with primary bromides and crystallization. Commercial hexadecyl-methylamine can be conveniently applied in the same way in order to convey functionality to cationic synkinons. A recent example describes subsequent alkylations with a small functional and a long-chain primary bromide (Scheme 2.4). A-acylated / -phenylenediamine was also alkylated at the second nitrogen atom which had two different alkyl chains, with or without extra functionality . After deacylation, this head group can be diazotized or coupled oxidatively with various heterocycles in water (Scheme 2.4). Photoactive and coloured membrane surfaces are thus obtained. Phenylene-diamine, pyridine and in particular A-methyl-4,4-bipyridinium chloride are relatively weak nucleophiles. Substitution of bromides is slow and the more reactive iodides can rarely be obtained commercially, but the selection of nitromethanes as solvent for bromide substitution is of great help as well as the addition of sodium iodide to enforce a Finkelstein reaction or a combination of both. 

As with betaines and other amphoterics, efforts continue in the development of amine oxides with reduced levels of residual impurities. A process for preparing long monoalkyl-chain amine oxides with low nitrite and nitrosamine levels [41] and another process [42] involving the oxidation of Cjg-Cig dimethylamine with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of malic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) have been described. The resulting amine oxide contains (the undesired) nitrite levels below 1 ppm [42]. 

It has been known that various types of supramolecular assemblies are constructed in the medimn by noncovalent self-organization of small molecules. Many workers reported assembly structures and solution properties [1]. Rod-like micelles which are one group of linearly extended supramolecular assemblies are formed by the hydrophobic interaction between long alkyl chains of amphiphiles. Rodlike micelles are transformed from spherical micelles [2], In a few cases, rod-like micelles change to vesicles when cinnamic acid is added to a solution of hexadecyl-dimethylamine oxide [3]. The spontaneous transition... 

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