LOD

FIG. 16-42 loD-exchaDger regcDeratioD. a ) CoDveDtioDal. Acid is passed down-flowthrough the cation-exchange resin bed. (h) Coiinterflow. Regenerant solution is introduced iipflow with the resin bed held in place hy a dry layer of resin. 

Limit of detection (LOD) The smallest amount of contaminant that can be reliably detected by a particular analytical method. 

Only a few reports of unsacurated fluormated cadmium compounds have appeared The direct reaction of perfluoroalkenyl lod ides or bromides with cadmium powder in DMF stereospecifically gives the vinylcadmium compounds [143] (equation 110) Table 5 shows several typical vinylcadmiums prepared by this method. 

Add to a dmp of andine in a basin a few drops of con-icntiated siilpluaic ai id, and slii with a lass lod. I hen add a few drops of potassium hichroiiiate solution. An intense blue colour is obtained. 

Limit of Detection (LOD) The minimum concentration of a substance being measured that, in a given matrix and with a specific method, has a 99% probability of being identified, qualitatively or quantitatively measured, and reported to be greater than zero. 

Brmsted acid-assisted chiral Lewis acid 8 was also applied to the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of an a-unsubstituted triene derivative. ( , )-2,7,9-Decatrienal reacts in the presence of 30 mol% of the catalyst to afford the bicyclo compound in high yield and good enantioselectivity [lOd] (Scheme 1.17). 

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