Locke’s solution

Lim and Necheles dialyzed blood flowing from a heparinized, unanesthetized dog s carotid artery isolated under local anesthesia against warm Locke s solution. The blood was returned to the dog s jugular vein. The dog had been fed just before... 

Por the mammalian heart, a perfusion fluid must contain approximately NaCl, 0-9 per cent. KCl, 0-04 per cent. CaCl, 0 024 per cent. and NaHCOs, 0-01-0 03 per cent. This mixture constitutes Locke s solution. 

In this work the three chiral forms of the ligand have been prepared R,Rl S,Slmeso) and complexed to zirconium(iv). The chiral ligands bind to the metal centre to afford a-cis complexes. The chirality of the metal (either A or A) is predetermined by the chirality of the ligand - R,R affords the A and S,S the A isomer - and these are locked in solution as single stereoisomers. However, the meso ligand binds in a fac-fac (p-c/s) fashion to the zirconium(iv) centre and this is fluxional in solution - which has been assigned to the... 

Figure 14. NMR spectrum of an intact muscle from the hind leg of the rat recorded at 129 MHz, without proton irradiation. Temperature 20 C and pulse interval 16 s. Peak assignments I, sugar phosphate and phospholipid II, inorganic phosphate III, creatine phosphate IV, y-ATP V, a-ATP VI, )S-ATP. The times are the midpoints of the 50-scan spectral accumulations (referred to excision time as zero). The muscle was bathed in a minimum volume of calcium-free Locke Ringer s solution. From Hoult et al (1974).

Fig. 11 Experimental set-up for small-scale microwave SPPS of /S-peptides (SPE = solid-phase extraction). 1 Pasteur pipet for N2 agitation 2 10 mL glass vial 3 4mL solid-phase extraction tube 4 DMF 5 coupling solution 6 resin 7 polyethylene frit 8 Luer-lock cap...

The mechanism of these transitions is nontrivial and has been discussed in detail elsewhere Q, 12) it involves the development of a homoclinic tangencv and subsequently of a homoclinic tangle between the stable and unstable manifolds of the saddle-type periodic solution S. This tangle is accompanied by nontrivial dynamics (chaotic transients, large multiplicity of solutions etc.). It is impossible to locate and analyze these phenomena without computing the unstable, saddle-tvpe periodic frequency locked solution as well as its stable and unstable manifolds. It is precisely the interactions of such manifolds that are termed global bifurcations and cause in this case the loss of the quasiperiodic solution. 

Both the modes of operation described in Sect. 5.2 may be used for the detection of chemicals in liquid solution. Because the analyte s absorption line width is very broad, overlapping several (or many) WGMs, no tuning of the microresonator, or locking of a WGM to the scanning laser is necessary. In fact, a broadband source such as a light-emitting diode (LED) may be used. 

Figure 4.2. Histamine releasefrom rat mast cells in response to increasing concentrations ofneurotensin [79/. Mast cells were washed three times and bathed in Ca-Locke solution at 37° C for 10 min. Neurotensin was then added and the incubation continuedfor 10 min. Each point represents the mean S.E. of mean of n experiments (in parentheses).

Figure 4.3. Histamine release from mast cells bathed in Locke solution and pretreated with neurotensin (10 5 M) [86a]. Compound 48/80 (0.1 pg/ml) was then added at the times indicated and histamine release (% total) determined 10 min later. NT alone elicited 19 + 1.4% release. The addition of the ionophore, A23187 (0.5 pg/ml), to cells pretreated with NT for 5 min produced a maximal secretory response. 48/80 alone, without NT pretreatment, caused 68 1.0% release. Note that histamine release in response to 48/80 declines as the period of pretreatment increases. Mean S.E.M., n = 3.

As an experimental proof of the prediction of the calculations, the cyclic disilazane 1,1,3,3-hexamethyl-l, 3-disila-2-aza-cyclopentane was synthesized and its gas phase acidity determined. With the disilazide moiety constrained to a bent geometry within the five-membered ring, the acidity is weakened by 11.5 kcal/mol relative to the acyclic hexamethydisilazane. This places the cyclic disilazane s acidity as essentially within the general trend of gas versus solution phase acidities in Figure 9, and validates the concept that the counterion s locking of the geometry of the anion is the controlling fector in the solution phase acidity of the acyclic form. 

Fig. 3. Long range and one-bond carbon-13 satellite spectrum of a 5% w/w solution of ethanediol in D2O at 94°C. 16 transients were measured on a Varian Associates Unity 500 spectrometer using the sequence of fig. 1, with 2.5 s presaturation, a t value of 100 ms, spin lock pulses of 450 ps, no homospoil pulse, and no homodecoupling during acquisition.

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