Lock-in effect

The following drop in the curve can be explained by the fact that after a year many of the unemployed who do not wish to participate in activation have left the insurance system. The remaining individuals are participants in some sort of activation, and their search activity is even lower in the passive period than in the active period. The shape of the tail of the curve reflects this locking-in effect of activation. 

While treatment effects do not differ regardless of whether participation is voluntary or mandatory, there is an additional threat or motivation effect only when participation is mandatory. The threat of being required to participate in an activation programme motivates the unemployed to search more actively for a job, and hence this threat or motivation effect is conducive to accelerated job finding. However, the net effect on search intensity among those without a job is theoretically ambiguous The potentially negative lock-in effect for the activated and the positive threat/motivation effect for the unemployed have to be analysed empirically to find out which effect dominates. 

We have been investigating the effect of added metal ions on the thermal cis-to-trans isomerization of azo compounds. It has been found that when ligands substituted at the two sides of a cis-azobenzene coordinate intramolecularly to one metal cation, the rate of the thermal cis-to-trans isomerization is suppressed. This novel phenomenon is attributed to the "lock-in" effect of the metal ion flanked by two ligands. That is, an additional free energy of activation is required to disrupt favorable interactions between the metal ion and the ligands. The typical ligands are iminodiacetic acid, ethylene-diamine, crown ethers, etc. (Table... 

It should also be noted that contributions to van der Waals interactions from the Keesom effect are likely to be decreased in solids due to the locking in of the... 

Most of these results have been obtained in methanol but some of them can be extrapolated to other solvents, if the following solvent effects are considered. Bromine bridging has been shown to be hardly solvent-dependent.2 Therefore, the selectivities related to this feature of bromination intermediates do not significantly depend on the solvent. When the intermediates are carbocations, the stereoselectivity can vary (ref. 23) widely with the solvent (ref. 24), insofar as the conformational equilibrium of these cations is solvent-dependent. Nevertheless, this equilibration can be locked in a nucleophilic solvent when it nucleophilically assists the formation of the intermediate. Therefore, as exemplified in methylstyrene bromination, a carbocation can react 100 % stereoselectivity. 

As the number of eigenstates available for coherent coupling increases, the dynamical behavior of the system becomes considerably more complex, and issues such as Coulomb interactions become more important. For example, over how many wells can the wave packet survive, if the holes remain locked in place If the holes become mobile, how will that affect the wave packet and, correspondingly, its controllability The contribution of excitons to the experimental signal must also be included [34], as well as the effects of the superposition of hole states created during the excitation process. These questions are currently under active investigation. 

This will essentially lock the ring in the chair conformation that puts the chlorine in an axial position. If we are trying to run a reaction where the Cl needs to be axial, then this effect will speed up the reaction. However, if the Cl is locked in an equatorial position, then the reaction will be too slow ... 

Trinh, SH Arce, P Locke, BR, Effective Diffusivities of Point-Like Molecules in Isohopic Porous Media by Monte Carlo Simulation, Transport in Porous Media 38, 241, 2000. 

Owing to the fact that ethyl ethers are especially effective substrates for CYP1A1 [184], the probe possesses an ethyl group on the phenolic oxygen of the trimethyl lock. In vitro, fluorescence was manifested by CYP1A1 isozyme with Kcat/KM 8.8 x 103 M-1s 1 and KM 0.09 pM. In cellulo, the probe revealed the induction of cytochrome P450 activity by the carcinogen 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi-benzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and its repression by the chemoprotectant resveratrol. 

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