Liver Spleen relationship

Figure 5.4 Relationship between Qi and blood of the Liver relationship between the Liver, Spleen and Kidney.

Bai Zhu and Bai Shao Yao are used as chief. Bai Zhu can strengthen the Middle-Jiao and tonify the Spleen-Qi so as to boost its resistance when under attack by the Liver-Qi. Bai Shao Yao is used to nourish the Yin, soften the Liver and relax the tendons, thereby reducing the aggression of the Liver. When these two herbs are used together, the relationship between the Liver and Spleen will return to balance. 

Figure 18.1 Relationship between Liver and Spleen in pathology.

Fig. 4.5 Relationship between the Kp value of quinidine (A), propranolol (B), and imipramine (C) and the concentration of PS in rat tissue. 1, lung 2, spleen 3, kidney 4, pancreas 5, liver ...

There is a small amount of ferritin in the blood in balance with the iron stores. Iron is stored as ferritin (which sequesters iron in a nontoxic but readily mobilised form) and its aggregate, haemosiderin, in the cells of the liver, bone marrow and spleen. A measure of the state of iron stores is provided by the amount of ferritin in the serum (normally 20-300 mmol/1) and by the relationship of serum iron concentration (normally 10-30 mmol/1 reduced in iron deficiency) to the binding capacity of transferrin (normally 45-70 mmol/1 increased in iron deficiency). Ferritin is an acute-phase reactant and may be an inaccurate measure of iron stores in inflammatory states, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis. Recently developed techniques to measure the plasma level of soluble transferrin receptor (which is increased in iron deficiency but not by infection or inflammation) may help differentiate the anaenria of iron deficiency from that of chronic disease. 

Linear relationships between T and have been reported by a number of authors in frog muscle, mouse muscle and liver, and ex vivo samples of spleen, heart, lung, muscle and tumour tissues.i92-i96 study,the authors... 

Following ingestion of large amounts of zinc, increased levels are found in the heart, spleen, kidneys, liver, bone, and blood. It is not known if there is a relationship between the toxic effects observed in humans and tissue storage levels of zinc. Zinc stored in bone is not readily available to the general metabolic pool. During decreased calcium intake or bone resorption, zinc is released from the bone. It is not known if there are any toxic effects associated with this release of zinc. 

Determinations of free pantothenic acid in various human tissues (brain, liver, heart, adrenals, kidney, spleen, and skeletal muscle) have been reported in a monograph by Schmidt (1949). The values observed by Schmidt are in good agreement with the few assays of similar tissues published by Taylor et al. (1942). The data do not suggest any significant variation with age in the tissue concentrations of free pantothenic acid, but the number of observations is too small to permit adequate statistical evaluation of such relationship. 

Analysis of human CE by Northern blot shows a single band of approximately 2.1 kilobases (kb) (Riddles et al. 1991), and three bands of approximately 2-, 3-, and 4.2-kb occurring with hCE-2 (Schwer et al. 1997). The intensities of the 2.1-kb band were liver 3> heart > stomach > testis > kidney = spleen > colon > other tissues. For hCE-2, the 2-kb band was located in liver > colon > small intestine > heart, the 3-kb band in liver > small intestine > colon > heart, and the 4.2-kb band in brain, testis, and kidney only. Analysis of substrate structure versus efficiency for ester (pyrethroid substrates) revealed that the two CEs recognize different structural features of the substrate (i.e., acid, alcohol, etc.). The catalytic mechanism involves the formation of an acyl-enzyme on an active serine. While earlier studies of pyrethroid metabolism were primarily performed in rodents, knowledge of the substrate structure-activity relationships and the tissue distribution of hCEs are critical for predicting the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of pesticides in humans. Wheelock et al. (2003) used a chiral mixture of the fluorescent substrate cyclopro-panecarboxylic acid, 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-, cyano(6-methoxy-2-naphthalenyl)methyl ester (CAS No. 395645-12-2) to study the hydrolytic activity of human liver microsomes. Microsomal activity against this substrate was considered to be low (average value of ten samples 2.04 0.68 nmol min mg ), when compared to p-nitrophenyl acetate (CAS No. 830-03-5) at 3,700 2,100 mg ... 

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